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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Nov 30;45(6):854-867.
doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjad061.

Heritability of dental arches and occlusal characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jamal Giri  1 , Michelle Bockmann  1 , Alan Brook  1 , Taseef Hasan Farook  1 , Maurice Meade  1 , Toby Hughes  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Heritability of dental arches and occlusal characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jamal Giri et al. Eur J Orthod. .

Abstract

Background and objective: The genetic basis of dentoalveolar characteristics has been investigated by several studies, however, the findings are equivocal. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the heritability of dental arches and occlusal parameters in different stages of human dentition.

Search methods: Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Dentistry and Oral Science Source were searched up to August 2023 without the restriction of language or publication date.

Selection criteria: Empirical studies investigating the heritability of dentoalveolar parameters among twins and siblings were included in the review.

Data collection and analysis: Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate by two authors and a third author resolved conflicts if needed. Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias among studies and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

Results: Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review, of which 15 studies reporting heritability coefficients in the permanent dentition stages were deemed suitable for the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses showed high heritability estimates for maxillary intermolar width (0.52), maxillary intercanine width (0.54), mandibular intermolar width (0.55), mandibular intercanine width (0.55), maxillary arch length (0.76), mandibular arch length (0.57), and palatal depth (0.56). The heritability estimates for the occlusal parameters varied considerably, with relatively moderate values for crossbite (0.46) and overbite (0.44) and low values for buccal segment relationship (0.32), overjet (0.22), and rotation and displacement of teeth (0.16). However, the certainty of evidence for most of the outcomes was low according to the GRADE criteria.

Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, it can be concluded that the dental arch dimensions have a high heritability while the occlusal parameters demonstrate a moderate to low heritability.

Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022358442).

Keywords: dental arch; dental occlusion; genetics; heritability; malocclusion; siblings; twins.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PRISMA study flow diagram.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Forest plots of the heritability estimates for maxillary intermolar width (A) and maxillary intercanine width (B).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Forest plots of the heritability estimates for mandibular intermolar width (A) and mandibular intercanine width (B).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Forest plots of the heritability estimates for maxillary arch length (A) and mandibular arch length (B).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Forest plot of the heritability estimate of palatal depth.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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