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. 2023 Sep 27:14:1233772.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233772. eCollection 2023.

Nitrogen balance and gap of a high yield tropical soybean crop under irrigation

Leandro Moraes Zambon  1 , Renan Caldas Umburanas  1 , Felipe Schwerz  1   2 , Jackellyne Bruna Sousa  1 , Everton Servilho Teixeira Barbosa  1 , Letícia Pacheco Inoue  1 , Durval Dourado-Neto  1 , Klaus Reichardt  1   3
Affiliations

Nitrogen balance and gap of a high yield tropical soybean crop under irrigation

Leandro Moraes Zambon et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is the most extracted and exported element by the soybean crop. In high yield tropical environments with irrigation, little is known about N accumulation in different soybean plant organs as well as the N balance. The objective of this study was to characterize soybean growth, N accumulation in plant organs, N balance, and N gap in a high yield tropical environment. This study was performed in a homogeneous field, in a soil with low organic matter, with 20 kg ha-1 of N, under furrow fertilization. Evaluations were performed ten times, temporally distributed from emergence to senescence. The soybean cultivar used was 'RK7518 IPRO' and was sown with row spacing of 0.45 m and a seeding rate of 300,000 plants ha-1. Plant N partition, N from the biological N fixation (BNF), grain yield, crop harvest index (HI), N harvest index (NHI) with and without root contribution were evaluated. Also, at the grain filling stage the N gap was evaluated from the soil by difference between whole plant accumulated N and the amount of N from BNF. The average grain yield was 6,470 kg ha-1 and leads to a negative partial balance of N of -33.4 and -42.8 kg[N] ha-1 with and without roots, respectively. The N gap from the soil was 231.7 kg[N] ha-1. It is recommended to adopt techniques that increase the efficiency of BNF and the soil N accumulation to balance these production systems in the medium to long term.

Keywords: Glycine max; N balance; biomass partitioning; plant nutrition; soil inorganic N.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Daily total solar radiation, daily maximum (red), average (orange) and minimum (light blue) air temperature (A); and rainfall and irrigation (B) across the growing season.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Soybean total dry matter (DM) accumulation as a function of time (days after emergence, DAE) (points are experimental and solid line follows equation (2)). DM accumulation rate dDM/dDAE (bell shaped dotted line). DMmax is the maximum accumulation rate, parameter ‘a’ the limit of total DM accumulation and parameter b the moment DAE of the maximum accumulation rate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Nitrogen accumulation [continuous solid line] and nitrogen accumulation rate [dashed line] for soybean plants.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relative proportion of dry matter (A) and nitrogen accumulation (B) in plant organs for soybean plants.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Leaf area index (LAI) (A) and atmospheric-derived nitrogen (ADN) (B) throughout the cycle for soybean plants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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