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Review
. 2023 Sep 27:14:1282073.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1282073. eCollection 2023.

Exploring nanocomposites for controlling infectious microorganisms: charting the path forward in antimicrobial strategies

Harish Saravanan #  1 , Tarunkarthick Subramani #  1 , Shobana Rajaramon #  1 , Helma David  1 , Anusree Sajeevan  1 , Swathi Sujith  1 , Adline Princy Solomon  1
Affiliations
Review

Exploring nanocomposites for controlling infectious microorganisms: charting the path forward in antimicrobial strategies

Harish Saravanan et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Nanocomposites, formed by combining a matrix (commonly polymer or ceramic) with nanofillers (nano-sized inclusions like nanoparticles or nanofibers), possess distinct attributes attributed to their composition. Their unique physicochemical properties and interaction capabilities with microbial cells position them as a promising avenue for infectious disease treatment. The escalating prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria intensifies the need for alternative solutions. Traditional approaches involve antimicrobial agents like antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals, targeting specific microbial aspects. This review presents a comprehensive overview of diverse nanocomposite types and highlights the potential of tailored matrix and antibacterial agent selection within nanocomposites to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease antibiotic resistance risks. Challenges such as toxicity, safety, and scalability in clinical applications are also acknowledged. Ultimately, the convergence of nanotechnology and infectious disease research offers the prospect of enhanced therapeutic strategies, envisioning a future wherein advanced materials revolutionize the landscape of medical treatment.

Keywords: antibacterial; graphene; metals; nanocomposites; phytochemicals; polymers; silver.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
pH response release of antibiotics from nanocomposite coated catheter.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Metal oxide nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery systems.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Visual representation illustrating the various modes of antimicrobial action of Graphene Oxide (GO): Cell penetration, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and cell death.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Eliciting the bacterial wrapping effect through graphene oxide (GO) interaction.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Illustration depicting the amalgamation of Punica Granatum and Chitosan with Gold Nanoparticles in a nanocomposite for combatting pathogens.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Harnessing functionalized nanocomposites for advancing biosensors and point-of-care D.evices.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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