Ileostomy 101: Understanding the Basics for Optimal Patient Care

Abstract

This comprehensive literature review explores the foundational aspects of ileostomy, encompassing surgical techniques, postoperative care, complications, and advancements. Ileostomy, a surgical procedure redirecting the ileal lumen through an abdominal opening, is a critical intervention for various gastrointestinal conditions. The review delves into surgical techniques, emphasizing the importance of stoma location and type selection, whether temporary or permanent. Complications associated with ileostomy are discussed, highlighting the significance of vigilant postoperative care, including stoma care and addressing potential complications. The profound impact of ileostomy on patients' quality of life is elucidated, underlining the necessity for a holistic approach to patient care. Additionally, advancements in the field, such as biodegradable stoma bags, smart stoma appliances, and telemedicine, are explored for their potential to enhance patient outcomes. The review emphasizes the need for individualized approaches and ongoing research to maximize the benefits of these advancements for ileostomy patients and improve their overall experience.

Keywords: advancements; complications with stoma; ileostomy; postoperative care of ileostomy; surgical techniques.

Figure 1. Loop Ileostomy

The stoma exhibiting two discernible lumens, characterized by an intact posterior wall, thus categorizing it as a loop ileostomy. The patient depicted in the picture belongs to one of the authors, and formal consent was obtained before capturing the image.

Figure 2. Double Barrel Ileostomy

The stoma exhibiting two discernible lumens, with posterior wall not intact, thus categorizing it as a double barrel ileostomy. The patient depicted in the picture belongs to one of the authors, and formal consent was obtained before capturing the image.

Figure 3. End (Terminal) Ileostomy

The stoma exhibits only one lumen, thus categorizing it as an end or terminal ileostomy. The patient in the picture belongs to one of the authors, and formal consent was obtained before capturing the image.

Figure 4. Prolapsed Ileostomy with Skin Contamination and Excoriation

A visual representation of a prolapsed loop ileostomy with skin contamination and excoriation is depicted. In this instance, the protruding end of the ileostomy was not adequately enclosed within the stoma appliance or bag, resulting in contact with the surrounding skin leading to irritation and peristomal dermatitis. The skin around the prolapsed ileostomy is displaying signs of excoriation, indicating damage or abrasion due to extended contact with stool, underscoring the importance of proper management and care in such cases. The patient depicted in the picture belongs to one of the authors, and formal consent was obtained before capturing the image.

Figure 5. Prolapsed Ileostomy

A clear depiction of a prolapsed loop ileostomy is presented. This protrusion can manifest as a noticeable bulge or projection from the abdomen, illustrating the displacement of the ileostomy. The patient in the picture belongs to one of the authors, and formal consent was obtained before capturing the image.