Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Nov:91:102091.
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102091. Epub 2023 Oct 11.

Role of diet and exercise in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic diseases

Sachi Khemka  1 , Aananya Reddy  2 , Ricardo Isaiah Garcia  1 , Micheal Jacobs  3 , Ruhananhad P Reddy  2 , Aryan Kia Roghani  4 , Vasanthkumar Pattoor  5 , Tanisha Basu  1 , Ujala Sehar  1 , P Hemachandra Reddy  6
Affiliations
Review

Role of diet and exercise in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic diseases

Sachi Khemka et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Genetic mutations cause a small proportion (1-2%) of early-onset AD, with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Major contributing factors of late-onset AD are ApoE4 genotype, traumatic brain injury, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions, in addition to lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercise. Disease progression can be delayed and/or prevented to a greater extent by adopting healthy lifestyle with balanced and antioxidant enriched diet and daily exercise. The interaction and interplay of diet, exercise, age, and pharmacological interventions holds a crucial role in the progression, pathogenesis and management of AD and its comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular conditions. Antioxidant enriched diet contributes to brain health, glucose control, weight management, and cardiovascular well-being. Regular exercise removes toxins including free radicals and enhances insulin sensitivity, and supports cardiovascular function. In the current article, we discussed, the role of diet, and exercise in aging, AD and other conditions including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions. This article also highlights the impact of medication, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and pharmacological interventions. These aspects were discussed in different races and ethnic groups in Texas, and the US.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cardiovascular condition; Diabetes; Lifestyle factors; Obesity; Socioeconomic status.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The figure above gives an overview of the high-fat, Western, Mediterranean, Vegan, Ketogenic, and high-carb diets along with their respective effects on Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, obesity, and CVD.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Diet and Aging. This figure displays the multiple different effects that different diet types can have on the aging process and the intersection of the pathogenesis of aging with that of chronic diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. 2012. Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Glucose Control, Neuropathy Scores, Balance, and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathy. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 18, 1172–1178. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Abdullah SM, Defina LF, Leonard D, Barlow CE, Radford NB, Willis BL, Rohatgi A, McGuire DK, Lemos J.A.d., Grundy SM, Berry JD, Khera A, 2018. Long-Term Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals at Low 10-Year Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 138, 2315–2325. - PubMed
    1. Abuznait AH, Qosa H, Busnena BA, El Sayed KA, Kaddoumi A, 2013. Olive-oil-derived oleocanthal enhances β-amyloid clearance as a potential neuroprotective mechanism against Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 4, 973–982. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist J, Moradi T, Sidorchuk A, 2011. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology 40, 804–818. - PubMed
    1. Akbari P, Khorasani-Zadeh A, 2022. Thiazide Diuretics. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL). - PubMed

Publication types