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Review
. 2023 Sep 28;12(19):6268.
doi: 10.3390/jcm12196268.

B Cell Tolerance and Targeted Therapies in SLE

Ioannis Parodis  1   2   3 , Xuan Long  4 , Mikael C I Karlsson  5 , Xin Huang  4
Affiliations
Review

B Cell Tolerance and Targeted Therapies in SLE

Ioannis Parodis et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of high clinical and molecular heterogeneity, and a relapsing-remitting pattern. The disease is currently without cure and more prevalent in women. B cell tolerance and production of autoantibodies are critical mechanisms that drive SLE pathophysiology. However, how the balance of the immune system is broken and how the innate and adaptive immune systems are interacting during lupus-specific autoimmune responses are still largely unknown. Here, we review the latest knowledge on B cell development, maturation, and central versus peripheral tolerance in connection to SLE and treatment options. We also discuss the regulation of B cells by conventional T cells, granulocytes, and unconventional T cells, and how effector B cells exert their functions in SLE. We also discuss mechanisms of action of B cell-targeted therapies, as well as possible future directions based on current knowledge of B cell biology.

Keywords: B cell tolerance; NKT cells; SLE; lupus; neutrophils.

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Conflict of interest statement

I.P. has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Otsuka, and Roche. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to this work. The funders had no role in the design of the study, the analyses or interpretation of data, or the writing of the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
B cell-directed treatment in SLE.
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