Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Sep 28;15(19):3917.
doi: 10.3390/polym15193917.

The Evaluation of Cellulose Acetate Capsules Functionalized for the Removal of Cd(II)

Irma Pérez-Silva  1 , Gladis D Canales-Feliciano  1 , José A Rodríguez  1 , Luis H Mendoza-Huizar  1 , Salvador Pérez-Estrada  1 , Israel S Ibarra  1 , M Elena Páez-Hernández  1
Affiliations

The Evaluation of Cellulose Acetate Capsules Functionalized for the Removal of Cd(II)

Irma Pérez-Silva et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Cellulose acetate is derived from cellulose and has the characteristics of biodegradability and reusability. So, it has been used for the elimination of toxic compounds capable of producing different diseases, such as cadmium, that result from human and industrial activity. For this reason, capsules functionalized with Cyanex 923 were prepared and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and SEM. The functionalized capsules were used for removing and recovering Cd(II) by modifying variables such as HCl concentration in the extraction medium and carrier content in the capsules, among others. The extraction of cadmium from battery leachates and the three isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin Radushkevich, were also tested to model the cadmium removal process. The results showed a favorable physical sorption with a good capacity for extraction and the possibility of reusing the capsules for up to seven cycles without a decrease in the percentage of cadmium recovery.

Keywords: acetate cellulose; cadmium; capsules; removal; reusability.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
EDX spectrum of (a) capsules without Cyanex 923 and (b) capsules functionalized with 15.5% of Cyanex 923.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of variation of the concentration of Cyanex 923 used for obtaining the capsules (FC). Experimental conditions: 10 mg L−1 of Cd(II) in aqueous solution in 2 mol L−1 of HCl; 0.5 g of FC. Values obtained after 2 h were counted from the start of the experiment.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR spectra. (a) Cellulose acetate (CA); (b) Cyanex 923 extractant agent; (c) functionalized capsules (FC).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of variation of the HCl concentration in the cadmium extraction. Experimental conditions: 10 mg L−1 of Cd(II) in aqueous solution of HCl; 0.5 g of FC prepared with 1.5% of Cyanex 923. Values obtained after 2 h were counted from the start of the experiment.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Isotherms curves: (a) experimental data and linearized forms of (b) Langmuir isotherm, (c) Freundlich isotherm, and (d) Dubinin Radushkevich isotherm. Experimental conditions: different amounts of Cd(II) in aqueous solution of 1.5 mol L−1 HCl; 0.5 g of FC prepared to 1.5% of Cyanex 923.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Curves of the two kinetic models evaluated: (a) pseudo-first-order and (b) pseudo-second-order. Experimental conditions: 10 mg L−1 of Cd(II) in an aqueous solution of 1.5 mol L−1 HCl; 0.5 g of FC prepared with 1.5% of Cyanex 923.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Percentage of cadmium recovery after re-extraction process. Experimental conditions: 10 mg L−1 of Cd(II) in aqueous solution of 1.5 mol L−1 of HCl; 0.5 g of FC prepared with 1.5% of Cyanex 923. Values obtained after 2 h were counted from the start of the experiment for extraction and 0.5 h for recovery.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Scanning electron micrograph (1000×) of different FC: (a) cellulose acetate with 1.5% Cyanex 923 and (b) cellulose acetate with 1.5% Cyanex 923 after 10 extraction–recovery cycles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Liu K., Du H., Zheng T., Liu H., Zhang M., Zhang R., Li H., Xie H., Zhang X., Ma M., et al. Recent advances in cellulose and its derivatives for oilfield applications. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021;259:117740. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117740. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Heinze T., El Seoud O.A., Koschella A. Cellulose Derivatives. Springer; Cham, Switzerland: 2018. Production and Characteristics of Cellulose from Different Sources; pp. 1–38. (Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials).
    1. Oprea M., Voicu S.I. Recent advances in composites based on cellulose derivatives for biomedical applications. Carbohyd. Polym. 2020;247:116383. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116683. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kaur G., Grewal J., Jyoty K., Jain U.K., Chandra R., Madan J. Oral controlled and sustained drug delivery systems: Concepts, advances, preclinical, and clinical status. In: Grumezescu A.M., editor. Drug Targeting and Stimuli Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems. William Andrew Publishing; Norwich, NY, USA: 2018. pp. 567–626.
    1. Rai P.K., Choure K. Agriculture waste to bioplastics: A perfect substitution of plastics. In: Kuddus M., Ramteke P., editors. Value-Addition in Agri-Food Industry Waste Through Enzyme Technology. Academic Press; Cambridge, MA, USA: 2023. pp. 299–314.

LinkOut - more resources