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Review
. 2023 Sep 30;23(19):8200.
doi: 10.3390/s23198200.

Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensors, Materials, Devices, and Applications

Denghui He  1 , Yuanhui Cui  1 , Fangchao Ming  1 , Weiping Wu  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensors, Materials, Devices, and Applications

Denghui He et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In recent years, passive wireless sensors have been studied for various infrastructure sectors, making them a research and development focus. While substantial evidence already supports their viability, further effort is needed to understand their dependability and applicability. As a result, issues related to the theory and implementation of wireless sensors still need to be resolved. This paper aims to review and summarize the progress of the different materials used in different passive sensors, the current status of the passive wireless sensor readout devices, and the latest peripheral devices. It will also cover other related aspects such as the system equipment of passive wireless sensors and the nanogenerators for the energy harvesting for self-powered sensors for applications in contemporary life scenarios. At the same time, the challenges for future developments and applications of passive wireless are discussed.

Keywords: nanogenerators; self-powered wireless sensors; sensor networks; wireless sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Simplified layout of a capacitive temperature sensor [61].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fabrication process of SiCNO-BN ceramic discs [64].
Figure 3
Figure 3
LC resonator structure [65].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the RGO/Nb-TiO2 hybrid material [89].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Prototype of the proposed wireless protease sensor [92].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Wireless strain monitoring schematic [94].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Passive RFID sensor network for SHM [99].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic diagram of the operating principle [111].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schematic diagram of the high temperature test rig [115].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Schematic diagram of a flexible energy harvester in early use [116,117].
Figure 11
Figure 11
The structure and principle of the nanogenerator [125].
Figure 12
Figure 12
Prototype energy harvesting system and experimental setup [126].
Figure 13
Figure 13
(a) Front, (b) side, and (c) top views of a self-powered WSN driven by a f-TEG. A cross-sectional schematic of the combined heat pipe/f-TEG/heat sink is shown below [130].
Figure 14
Figure 14
Analysis of a finned heat sink with PCM [132].
Figure 15
Figure 15
Layout of sensors with self-supplied power [133].
Figure 16
Figure 16
Development of wireless technologies for environmental energy harvesting or transmission [136].
Figure 17
Figure 17
Bio-detection using wireless passive sensors [148].
Figure 18
Figure 18
Block diagram of a wireless measurement system [155].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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