2D Atomic Layers for CO2 Photoreduction

Abstract

Artificial photosynthesis can convert carbon dioxide into high value-added chemicals. However, due to the poor charge separation efficiency and CO₂ activation ability, the conversion efficiency of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction is greatly restricted. Ultrathin 2D photocatalyst emerges as an alternative to realize the higher CO₂ reduction performance. In this review, the basic principle of CO₂ photoreduction is introduced, and the types, advantages, and advances of 2D photocatalysts are reviewed in detail including metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, bismuth-based materials, MXene, metal-organic framework, and metal-free materials. Subsequently, the tactics for improving the performance of 2D photocatalysts are introduced in detail via the surface atomic configuration and electronic state tuning such as component tuning, crystal facet control, defect engineering, element doping, cocatalyst modification, polarization, and strain engineering. Finally, the concluding remarks and future development of 2D photocatalysts in CO₂ reduction are prospected.

Keywords: 2D atomic layers; CO2 photoreduction; defect engineering; element doping.