Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Oct 11;89(1):70.
doi: 10.5334/aogh.4251. eCollection 2023.

Measurements of Surgical Volume in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, a Systematic Review

Ifeoluwa Shoyombo  1 , Abraham Genetu  2 , Lye-Yeng Wong  3 , Muhammed Elhadi  4   5 , Eric Twizeyimana  6 , Grace Paidamoyo Gwini  7 , Rutikanga William  8 , Timothy Hall  9 , Halimah Khalil  10 , Siva Nyanamani Sandrasagran  11 , Monica Langer  12
Affiliations

Measurements of Surgical Volume in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, a Systematic Review

Ifeoluwa Shoyombo et al. Ann Glob Health. .

Abstract

Background: Surgical volume is a surgical indicator that was described in the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) and the World Bank World Development Indicators as an important metric for tracking the delivery of surgical care.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize the reports on surgical volume (SV) in the existing literature by using a systematic review to assess studies that examine surgical procedures as a ratio of a population (procedures/100,000 population).

Methods: The PRISMA guideline was employed in the systematic review of articles that addressed the measurement of SV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the primary outcome of surgical procedures/100,000 population.

Findings: The search result consisted of 6,657 preliminary studies. Following the title and abstract screening, 6,464 articles were excluded, and the remaining 193 were included in the full text review. From the full text review of the 193, only 26 of these articles defined SV as the ratio of number of procedures per population of the catchment/geographical area. The reported SV was a mean of 765, with an SD of 1260 operations per 100,000. The median SV was 180 (min = 0.900, max = 4470).

Conclusion: Our findings support the LCoGS assessment of the gap in surgical care. The target for SV is 5000 per 100,000 population, compared to the average of 765 per 100,000 population as found in this review. The challenges for assessing surgical volume gaps are vast, including the nature of written records, which limits SV reports to an absolute number of procedures per year without a reference to the catchment population. For the purpose of tracking SV, we recommend using proxies that account for the capacity of facilities to deliver care regardless of the catchment population.

Keywords: global surgery; low- and middle-income countries; surgical volume.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Figures

PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for updated systematic reviews which included searches of databases, registers and other sources
Figure 1
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for updated systematic reviews which included searches of databases, registers and other sources.
26 included studies based on the study settings of urban, rural, or both
Figure 2
26 included studies based on the study settings of urban, rural, or both.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Mock CN, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Debas HT. Essential surgery: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition. The Lancet. 2015; 385(9983): 2209–2219. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60091-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Meara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, et al. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. The Lancet. 2015; 386(9993): 569–624. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60160-X - DOI - PubMed
    1. Seyedsayamdost E. Sustainable development goals. In: Morin J-F, Orsini A, (eds.), Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance. Routledge; 2020: 251–252. DOI: 10.4324/9780367816681-102 - DOI
    1. Price R, Makasa E, Hollands M. World health assembly resolution WHA68. 15: “strengthening emergency and essential surgical care and anesthesia as a component of universal health coverage”—addressing the public health gaps arising from lack of safe, affordable and accessible surgical and anesthetic services. World J Surg. 2015; 39(9): 2115–2125. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3153-y - DOI - PubMed
    1. Davies JI, Gelb AW, Gore-Booth J, et al. Global surgery, obstetric, and anaesthesia indicator definitions and reporting: an Utstein consensus report. PLOS Medicine. 2021; 18(8): e1003749. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003749 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms