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. 2023 Sep 27;14(10):5488-5498.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.486442. eCollection 2023 Oct 1.

Influence of power and the time of application of fogging lenses on accommodation

Aina Turull-Mallofré  1 , Carlos E García-Guerra  1 , Clara Mestre  1 , Meritxell Vilaseca  1 , Jaume Pujol  1 , Mikel Aldaba  1
Affiliations

Influence of power and the time of application of fogging lenses on accommodation

Aina Turull-Mallofré et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Fogging is a non-invasive technique based on the use of positive spherical power lenses to relax accommodation during refraction that is commonly used as an alternative to cycloplegic drugs. Although the mechanism of the fogging technique has been described, some aspects of its methodology remain unclear. The main purpose of this work was to determine which lens power and time of application are more suitable for achieving a successful relaxation of accommodation by analyzing the changes in accommodation when fogging lenses of different powers were placed in front of the participants' eye for a certain timespan. The results of this analysis showed, in general, that low-power lenses and timespans of less than half a minute provided the highest relaxation of accommodation. However, high inter-subject variability was found in the two variables (power and time).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
A: View of the experimental set-up which includes the HS wavefront sensor and lens holder. B: View of the experimental set-up with the dark box placed in front of the non-fixating eye.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Transformation of the measured data. A: The raw spherical refractive error (SRE) data were divided into 12 windows of 5 s and the median value was computed (orange circles). Positive values indicate a hyperopic shift. B: Data were transformed into accommodation (Acc.) changes. Time window 0 corresponds to the reference window for which the change in accommodation was 0. Changes towards negative values indicate relaxation of accommodation.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Median change in accommodation with time. The shaded areas represent interquartile ranges (IQR). Time windows 0 correspond to the reference window for which the IQR is 0 D.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Exponential fit to the accommodative responses to each lens.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Boxplots of the change in accommodation due to each fogging lens. Outliers are represented by the black circles. Data of participants A and B, whose measures are outliers for all lenses, have been highlighted with different colors.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.
Bar charts representing the number of participants who achieved the maximum relaxation of accommodation in each time window.
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