Preventative behaviours and COVID-19 infection in a Canadian cohort of people living with HIV

Keely Hammond¹, Terry Lee^{2

3}, Branka Vulesevic^{2

4}, Joel Singer^{2

3

5}, Judy Needham^{2

3}, Ann N Burchell^{6

7}, Hasina Samji^{8

9}, Sharon Walmsley¹⁰, Mark Hull¹¹, Mohammad-Ali Jenabian¹², Jean-Pierre Routy^{1

13

14}, Shari Margolese¹⁵, Enrico Mandarino¹⁵, Aslam H Anis^{2

3

5}, Curtis L Cooper^{4

16}, Cecilia T Costiniuk^{17

18}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
² Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
³ Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁴ The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁵ School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
⁶ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁷ MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁸ British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁹ Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
¹⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
¹¹ British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹² Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
¹³ Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Room EM2.3226, Montréal, QC, H3A 3J1, Canada.
¹⁴ Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
¹⁵ Community Advisory Committee, CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹⁶ University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
¹⁷ Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada. cecilia.costiniuk@mcgill.ca.
¹⁸ Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Room EM2.3226, Montréal, QC, H3A 3J1, Canada. cecilia.costiniuk@mcgill.ca.

PMID: 37858245
PMCID: PMC10588118
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00571-7

Preventative behaviours and COVID-19 infection in a Canadian cohort of people living with HIV

Keely Hammond et al. AIDS Res Ther. 2023.

. 2023 Oct 20;20(1):73.

doi: 10.1186/s12981-023-00571-7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
² Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
³ Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁴ The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁵ School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
⁶ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁷ MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁸ British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁹ Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
¹⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
¹¹ British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹² Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
¹³ Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Room EM2.3226, Montréal, QC, H3A 3J1, Canada.
¹⁴ Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
¹⁵ Community Advisory Committee, CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹⁶ University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
¹⁷ Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada. cecilia.costiniuk@mcgill.ca.
¹⁸ Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Room EM2.3226, Montréal, QC, H3A 3J1, Canada. cecilia.costiniuk@mcgill.ca.

PMID: 37858245
PMCID: PMC10588118
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00571-7

Abstract

Few studies have examined preventative behaviour practices with respect to COVID-19 among people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Using a cross-sectional survey from a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canadian HIV Trials Network study (CTN 328) of people living with HIV on vaccine immunogenicity, we examined the relationships between participant characteristics and behavioural practices intended to prevent COVID-19 infection. Participants living in four Canadian urban centers were enrolled between April 2021-January 2022, at which time they responded to a questionnaire on preventative behaviour practices. Questionnaire and clinical data were combined to explore relationships between preventive behaviours and (1) known COVID-19 infection pre-enrolment, (2) multimorbidity, (3) developing symptomatic COVID-19 infection, and (4) developing symptomatic COVID-19 infection during the Omicron wave. Among 375 participants, 49 had COVID-19 infection pre-enrolment and 88 post-enrolment. The proportion of participants reporting always engaging in preventative behaviours included 87% masking, 79% physical distancing, 70% limiting social gatherings, 65% limiting contact with at-risk individuals, 33% self-isolating due to symptoms, and 26% self-quarantining after possible exposure. Participants with known COVID-19 infection pre-enrolment were more likely to self-quarantine after possible exposure although asymptomatic (65.0% vs 23.4%, p < 0.001; Chi-square test). Participants with multiple comorbidities more likely endorsed physical distancing (85.7% vs 75.5%, p = 0.044; Chi-square test), although this was not significant in logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, number of household members, number of bedrooms/bathrooms in the household per person, influenza immunization, and working in close physical proximity to others. Overall, participants reported frequent practice of preventative behaviours.

Keywords: COVID-19 immunization; COVID-19 preventative behaviours; Masking; People living with HIV; Physical distancing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors do not have other relevant employment or financial interests to disclose.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Flowchart demonstrating subsets of the cohort used to answer four questions related to participant demographics and COVID-19 preventative behaviours

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Preventative behaviours and COVID-19 infection in a Canadian cohort of people living with HIV

Affiliations

Preventative behaviours and COVID-19 infection in a Canadian cohort of people living with HIV

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous