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. 2023 Oct 19;21(2):e14405.
doi: 10.1111/iwj.14405. Online ahead of print.

Chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers: Aetiology, on the pathophysiology-based treatment

Olga Krizanova  1   2   3 , Adela Penesova  1 , Alica Hokynkova  4 , Andrea Pokorna  5 , Amir Samadian  3 , Petr Babula  3
Affiliations

Chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers: Aetiology, on the pathophysiology-based treatment

Olga Krizanova et al. Int Wound J. .

Abstract

The chronic venous disease covers a wide spectrum of venous disorders that are characterized by severely impaired blood return that primarily affects veins in the lower extremities. Morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system led to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and present as leg heaviness/achiness, edema, telangiectasia, and varices. The term 'chronic venous insufficiency' (CVI) refers to a disease of greater severity. Venous dysfunction is associated with venous hypertension and is associated with venous reflux due to poorly functioning or incompetent venous valves, which ultimately reduces venous return, leading to a cascade of morphological, physiological, and histologic abnormalities such as blood pooling, hypoxia, inflammation, swelling, skin changes (lipodermatosclerosis), and in severe cases, venous leg ulcers (VLU). This review summarizes recent knowledge about the aetiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of VLU and compared the possibilities of their treatment.

Keywords: chronic venous insufficiency; compression therapy; therapy; venous leg ulcers; wound coverage.

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Conflict of interest statement

Olga Krizanova, Adela Penesova, Alica Hokynkova, Andrea Pokorna, Amir Samadian, and Petr Babula have no conflict of interest.

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