Affiliations

• ¹ Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11553, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: zmemish@ksmc.med.sa.
• ² National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.
• ³ Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.
• ⁴ Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
• ⁵ Department of Anthropology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Biohazard, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Quebec, QC, Canada.
• ⁶ CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning, Beijing, China; CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
• ⁷ National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ⁸ National Centre for Infectious Diseases; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
• ⁹ School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
• ¹⁰ Public Health Informatics Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• ¹¹ Department of Infectious Diseases, and Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ¹² School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
• ¹³ Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
• ¹⁴ Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
• ¹⁵ National Emergency Operation Center, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• ¹⁶ Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand; National Vaccine Institute of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
• ¹⁷ Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH Digital Engineering, Brandenburg, Germany.
• ¹⁸ Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.