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. 2023 Oct 6:14:1236511.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236511. eCollection 2023.

A novel sunflower broomrape race with unusual virulence potentially caused by a mutation

Belén Fernández-Melero  1 , Alberto Martín-Sanz  2 , Lidia Del Moral  1 , Begoña Pérez-Vich  1 , Leonardo Velasco  1
Affiliations

A novel sunflower broomrape race with unusual virulence potentially caused by a mutation

Belén Fernández-Melero et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: The sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) gene pools of the Guadalquivir Valley and Cuenca province in Spain had predominantly race-F virulence. A new race G was observed recently in the Guadalquivir Valley potentially due to the genetic recombination of the avirulence genes of both gene pools.

Methods: In this research, we have studied populations with atypical virulence from Cuenca. These populations parasitize on DEB2 sunflower line, resistant to all race-G populations evaluated. Ten populations collected in Cuenca province were evaluated with sunflower differential lines and genotyped with 67 SNP markers.

Results: Although genetic recombination with individuals of the Guadalquivir Valley gene pool has been observed in most populations, recombination of avirulence genes was discarded as the cause of the new virulence because the population with the highest degree of attack on DEB2 showed no introgression from an external gene pool. Accordingly, a point mutation is proposed as the putative cause of the new virulence.

Discussion: The present study provided a detailed characterization of each population, including the accurate classification of the individuals belonging to each of the classical Spanish gene pools, F1 hybrids, and those that evolved from hybridization between both gene pools. This information is essential to understand how sunflower broomrape populations are evolving in Spain, which in turn may be helpful to understand the dynamics of sunflower broomrape populations in other areas of the world and use this information to develop durable strategies for resistance breeding.

Keywords: Orobanche cumana; intrapopulation diversity; population genetics; racial evolution; virulence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author AM-S was employed by company Syngenta España S.A.. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Principal coordinates analysis of the groups of populations from the gene pools of race F of the Guadalquivir Valley (GV-F) and Cuenca (CU-F) and the new populations of both areas (NGV and NCU, respectively). The percentage of variation explained by each principal coordinate is indicated in the axis titles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Delta K for values of K in Admixture analysis of genetic structure in a set of populations of sunflower broomrape from Spain.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Principal coordinates analysis of the groups of populations from the gene pools of race F of the Guadalquivir Valley (GV-F) and Cuenca (CU-F) and the new populations of Cuenca (NCU), excepting those with null intrapopulation diversity (NCU-1 and NCU-3) that fully belong to the CU-F gene pool. F1 indicates putatively hybrid individuals, i.e., those with a percentage of membership to both groups between 49.90% and 50.10% based on population genetic structure analysis. The percentage of variation explained by each principal coordinate is indicated in the axis titles.
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