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. 2023 Dec;27(12):7575-7581.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05347-x. Epub 2023 Oct 23.

Inter-observer agreement among specialists in the diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer using store-and-forward technology

Gurushanth Keerthi  1 , Nirza Mukhia  1 , Sumsum P Sunny  2 , Bofan Song  3 , Shubhasini A Raghavan  1 , Shubha Gurudath  1 , Pramila Mendonca  4 , Shaobai Li  3 , Sanjana Patrick  5 , Tsusennaro Imchen  6 , Shirley T Leivon  6 , Tulika Shruti  7 , Trupti Kolur  4 , Vivek Shetty  4 , R Vidya Bhushan  4 , Rohan Michael Ramesh  6 , Vijay Pillai  4 , O S Kathryn  8 , Petra Wilder Smith  8 , Amritha Suresh  4 , Rongguang Liang  3 , N Praveen Birur  9 , Moni Abraham Kuriakose  10
Affiliations

Inter-observer agreement among specialists in the diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer using store-and-forward technology

Gurushanth Keerthi et al. Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: Oral cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Screening and mobile Health (mHealth)-based approach facilitates early detection remotely in a resource-limited settings. Recent advances in eHealth technology have enabled remote monitoring and triage to detect oral cancer in its early stages. Although studies have been conducted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of remote specialists, to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the consistency of remote specialists. The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver agreement between specialists through telemedicine systems in real-world settings using store-and-forward technology.

Materials and methods: The two remote specialists independently diagnosed clinical images (n=822) from image archives. The onsite specialist diagnosed the same participants using conventional visual examination, which was tabulated. The diagnostic accuracy of two remote specialists was compared with that of the onsite specialist. Images that were confirmed histopathologically were compared with the onsite diagnoses and the two remote specialists.

Results: There was moderate agreement (k= 0.682) between two remote specialists and (k= 0.629) between the onsite specialist and two remote specialists in the diagnosis of oral lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of remote specialist 1 were 92.7% and 83.3%, respectively, and those of remote specialist 2 were 95.8% and 60%, respectively, each compared with histopathology.

Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of the two remote specialists was optimal, suggesting that "store and forward" technology and telehealth can be an effective tool for triage and monitoring of patients.

Clinical relevance: Telemedicine is a good tool for triage and enables faster patient care in real-world settings.

Keywords: Agreement; Diagnosis; Oral cancer; Potentially malignant; Specialist; Telemedicine.

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