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. 2023 Sep 23:19:200212.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200212. eCollection 2023 Dec.

The Global Burden of premature cardiovascular disease, 1990-2019

Hossam Lababidi  1 , Pedro Rvo Salerno  2 , Sojin Youn Wass  2 , Neda Shafiabadi Hasani  2 , Brendan Bourges-Sevenier  2 , Sadeer Al-Kindi  3
Affiliations

The Global Burden of premature cardiovascular disease, 1990-2019

Hossam Lababidi et al. Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev. .

Abstract

Aims: Premature cardiovascular disease (pCVD) definition varies in literature, with age cut-offs ranging from 50-65 years. While there is some literature available on pCVD in North America, comprehensive data on its global burden is still lacking which hinders the development of efficient strategies for early detection and prevention. In this study we aimed to investigate the global trends in pCVD related morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: The 1990-2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database was utilized to examine global trends in cardiovascular disease-related total mortality, mortality rates, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) within individuals aged 15-49 years. The findings were further analyzed based on factors such as age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the number of global annual pCVD deaths increased by 25%, from 992,067 (95% UI 1,042,261 - 946,383) to 1,241,484 (95% UI 1,339,193 -1,146,252). The rate of associated mortality decreased by 13%. Metabolic conditions were the most significant risk factors for pCVD mortality. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death across all age groups. pCVD mortality presented progressive widening between high and low SDI regions. Additionally, sex-specific disparities in CVD mortality were significantly greater in the premature age group as compared to all-age groups.

Conclusion: pCVD is an increasingly significant global cause of morbidity and mortality that disproportionately affects males and individuals living in less privileged regions. Furthermore, ischemic heart disease and stroke were identified as the main drivers of pCVD global burden.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Global disease burden; Premature cardiovascular mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Absolute number and rate (per 100,000 individuals) of global pCVD deaths (A,B) and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) (C,D) from 1990 to 2019.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Sex-stratified rate (per 100, 000 individuals) of pCVD deaths (A&B) and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) (C&D) from 1990 to 2019 attributable to metabolic, environmental/occupational, and behavioral risks.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Leading causes of pCVD deaths rates (per 100, 000 individuals) from 1990 to 2019 according to 5-year age groups: 15-19 (A), 20-24 (B), 25-29 (C), 30-34 (D), 35-39 (E), 40-45 (F) and 45-49 (G) years.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Global distribution of pCVD mortality rates (per 100,000 individuals) in 2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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