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. 2023 May 23;25(1):9-19.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.04.004. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Continuous electroencephalography in the intensive care unit: A critical review and position statement from an Australian and New Zealand perspective

Michaela Waak  1   2 , Joshua Laing  3   4   5 , Lakshmi Nagarajan  6   7   8 , Nicholas Lawn  9 , A Simon Harvey  10   11   12
Affiliations

Continuous electroencephalography in the intensive care unit: A critical review and position statement from an Australian and New Zealand perspective

Michaela Waak et al. Crit Care Resusc. .

Abstract

Objectives: This article aims to critically review the literature on continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU) from an Australian and New Zealand perspective and provide recommendations for clinicians.

Design and review methods: A taskforce of adult and paediatric neurologists, selected by the Epilepsy Society of Australia, reviewed the literature on cEEG for seizure detection in critically ill neonates, children, and adults in the ICU. The literature on routine EEG and cEEG for other indications was not reviewed. Following an evaluation of the evidence and discussion of controversial issues, consensus was reached, and a document that highlighted important clinical, practical, and economic considerations regarding cEEG in Australia and New Zealand was drafted.

Results: This review represents a summary of the literature and consensus opinion regarding the use of cEEG in the ICU for detection of seizures, highlighting gaps in evidence, practical problems with implementation, funding shortfalls, and areas for future research.

Conclusion: While cEEG detects electrographic seizures in a significant proportion of at-risk neonates, children, and adults in the ICU, conferring poorer neurological outcomes and guiding treatment in many settings, the health economic benefits of treating such seizures remain to be proven. Presently, cEEG in Australian and New Zealand ICUs is a largely unfunded clinical resource that is subsequently reserved for the highest-impact patient groups. Wider adoption of cEEG requires further research into impact on functional and health economic outcomes, education and training of the neurology and ICU teams involved, and securement of the necessary resources and funding to support the service.

Keywords: Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy; Seizure.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Typical cEEG set-up in the NICU, PICU, and ICU. Abbreviations: cEEG, continuous electroencephalography monitoring; ICU, intensive care unit; NICU, neonatal ICU; PICU, paediatric ICU.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Continuous electroencephalography interpretation.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Electroencephalography example.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Suggested clinical application of routine EEG and continuous EEG monitoring in the ICU. EEG, electroencephalography; ICU, intensive care unit.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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