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Risk Factors for Recent HIV Infections among Adults in 14 Countries in Africa Identified by Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys, 2015-2019

Dustin W Currie et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Identifying persons who have newly acquired HIV infections is critical for characterizing the HIV epidemic direction. We analyzed pooled data from nationally representative Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment surveys conducted across 14 countries in Africa for recent infection risk factors. We included adults 15-49 years of age who had sex during the previous year and used a recent infection testing algorithm to distinguish recent from long-term infections. We collected risk factor information via participant interviews and assessed correlates of recent infection using multinomial logistic regression, incorporating each survey's complex sampling design. Compared with HIV-negative persons, persons with higher odds of recent HIV infection were women, were divorced/separated/widowed, had multiple recent sex partners, had a recent HIV-positive sex partner or one with unknown status, and lived in communities with higher HIV viremia prevalence. Prevention programs focusing on persons at higher risk for HIV and their sexual partners will contribute to reducing HIV incidence.

Keywords: Cameroon; Côte d’Ivoire; Eswatini; Ethiopia; HIV; HIV/AIDS and other retroviruses; Kenya; Lesotho; Malawi; Namibia; Nigeria; PHIA; Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe; cross-sectional studies; sexually transmitted diseases; sexually transmitted infections; viruses; zoonoses.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Inclusion and exclusion criteria and final outcome status in study of population-based assessments of risk factors for recent HIV infections among sexually active adults in 14 sub-Saharan Africa countries, 2015–2019. Shaded circles indicate numbers of excluded participants and reasons for exclusion from the study. Final outcome was categorized into 3 groups of participants: recent HIV infection, long-term HIV infection, and HIV negative. PHIA, Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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