How can global guidelines support sustainable hygiene systems?

Joanna Esteves Mills¹, Ann Thomas², Nadia Abdalla³, Rola El-Alam⁴, Kahtan Al-Shabi⁵, Mary Eyram Ashinyo⁶, Fodé Ousmane Bangoura⁷, Katrina Charles⁸, Jenala Chipungu⁹, Arnold Oredola Cole¹⁰, Betsy Engebretson³, Kitka Goyol¹¹, Catherine Fallon Grasham⁸, Valentina Grossi¹², Sophie Hickling¹³, Safo Kalandarov¹⁴, Alemu Kejela Ababu¹⁵, Karimzoda Kholmuhammad¹⁶, Nicole Klaesener-Metzner¹⁷, Ziggy Kugedera¹⁸, Akosua Kwakye¹⁹, Andrea Lee-Llacer²⁰, Pauke P Maani²¹, Belinda Makhafola²², Alyaa Mohamed²³, Md Monirul Alam²⁴, Bella Monse²⁵, Henry Northover²⁶, Aarin Palomares²⁷, Nilusha Patabendi²⁸, Nathaniel Paynter², Om Prasad-Gautam¹³, Sudan Raj Panthi²⁹, Lisa Rudge³⁰, Shiny Saha³¹, Ion Salaru³², Gustavo Saltiel³³, Laurent Sax³⁴, Mir Abdus Shahid³⁵, Mahmud Shamsul Gafur³⁶, Siddhi Shrestha³⁷, Katalin Szeberényi³⁸, James Benjamin Tidwell³⁹, Victoria Trinies⁴⁰, Osman Yiha⁴¹, Ruslan Ziganshin⁴², Bruce Gordon³, Oliver Cumming⁴³

Affiliations

¹ Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland jestevesmills@gmail.com.
² United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, New York, USA.
³ Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
⁴ WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Amman, Jordan.
⁵ WHO Country Office, Sana'a, Yemen.
⁶ Department of Quality Assurance, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.
⁷ WHO Country Office, Conakry, Guinea.
⁸ University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
⁹ Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁰ UNICEF Regional Office for East and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹¹ UNICEF Ethiopia Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹² European Centre for Environment & Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany.
¹³ WaterAid, London, UK.
¹⁴ WHO Tajikistan Country Office, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
¹⁵ Ministry of Health, Government of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹⁶ Ministry of Health & Social Protection, Government of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
¹⁷ UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal.
¹⁸ UNICEF Pakistan Country Office, Lahore, Pakistan.
¹⁹ WHO Ghana Country Office, Accra, Ghana.
²⁰ Department of Health, Government of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
²¹ Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Funafuti, Tuvalu.
²² Ministry of Health, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
²³ WHO Iraq Country Office, Baghdad, Iraq.
²⁴ UNICEF Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
²⁵ German Agency for International Cooperation, Bonn, Germany.
²⁶ Global Consultant, London, UK.
²⁷ Global Handwashing Partnership, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
²⁸ UNICEF Sri Lanka Country Office, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
²⁹ Environmental Health, World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
³⁰ Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office, Government of the United Kingdom, London, UK.
³¹ IRC India, New Delhi, India.
³² National Agency for Public Health, Government of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova (the Republic of).
³³ World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
³⁴ Health Emergency Interventions, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
³⁵ Department of Public Health Engineering, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁶ WHO Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁷ UNICEF Nepal Country Office, Lalitpur, Nepal.
³⁸ National Center for Public Health, Government of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary.
³⁹ World Vision International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
⁴⁰ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
⁴¹ WHO Ethiopia Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴² UNICEF Tajikistan Country Office, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
⁴³ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

PMID: 37879652
PMCID: PMC10603483
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013632

How can global guidelines support sustainable hygiene systems?

Joanna Esteves Mills et al. BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Oct.

. 2023 Oct;8(10):e013632.

doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013632.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland jestevesmills@gmail.com.
² United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, New York, USA.
³ Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
⁴ WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Amman, Jordan.
⁵ WHO Country Office, Sana'a, Yemen.
⁶ Department of Quality Assurance, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.
⁷ WHO Country Office, Conakry, Guinea.
⁸ University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
⁹ Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁰ UNICEF Regional Office for East and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹¹ UNICEF Ethiopia Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹² European Centre for Environment & Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany.
¹³ WaterAid, London, UK.
¹⁴ WHO Tajikistan Country Office, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
¹⁵ Ministry of Health, Government of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
¹⁶ Ministry of Health & Social Protection, Government of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
¹⁷ UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal.
¹⁸ UNICEF Pakistan Country Office, Lahore, Pakistan.
¹⁹ WHO Ghana Country Office, Accra, Ghana.
²⁰ Department of Health, Government of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
²¹ Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Funafuti, Tuvalu.
²² Ministry of Health, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
²³ WHO Iraq Country Office, Baghdad, Iraq.
²⁴ UNICEF Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
²⁵ German Agency for International Cooperation, Bonn, Germany.
²⁶ Global Consultant, London, UK.
²⁷ Global Handwashing Partnership, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
²⁸ UNICEF Sri Lanka Country Office, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
²⁹ Environmental Health, World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
³⁰ Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office, Government of the United Kingdom, London, UK.
³¹ IRC India, New Delhi, India.
³² National Agency for Public Health, Government of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova (the Republic of).
³³ World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
³⁴ Health Emergency Interventions, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
³⁵ Department of Public Health Engineering, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁶ WHO Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁷ UNICEF Nepal Country Office, Lalitpur, Nepal.
³⁸ National Center for Public Health, Government of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary.
³⁹ World Vision International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
⁴⁰ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
⁴¹ WHO Ethiopia Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴² UNICEF Tajikistan Country Office, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
⁴³ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

PMID: 37879652
PMCID: PMC10603483
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013632

No abstract available

Keywords: Environmental health; Health policy; Hygiene; Public Health.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

References

1. Wolf J, Johnston RB, Ambelu A, et al. . Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in domestic settings: a global analysis for selected adverse health outcomes. The Lancet 2023;401:2060–71. 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00458-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), World Health Organization and UNICEF . Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2022: special focus on gender. World Health Organization, 2023.
1. Freeman MC, Stocks ME, Cumming O, et al. . Systematic review: hygiene and health: systematic review of handwashing practices worldwide and update of health effects. Trop Med Int Health 2014;19:906–16. 10.1111/tmi.12339 - DOI - PubMed
1. World Health Organization . Hand hygiene in communities and public settings: proposal for WHO guidelines, . 2022Available: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/defaultsource/wash-documents/hand-hygiene... [Accessed 14 Jun 2023].
1. Caruso B, Cumming O, Esteves Mills J, et al. . Synthesizing the evidence for hand hygiene in community settings: an integrated protocol for multiple related systematic reviews. 2023. Available: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023429145 - PMC - PubMed

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How can global guidelines support sustainable hygiene systems?

Affiliations

How can global guidelines support sustainable hygiene systems?

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

References

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