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. 2023 Aug 1;27(11):850-857.
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0040.

Performance of spirometry assessment at TB diagnosis

Affiliations

Performance of spirometry assessment at TB diagnosis

A Rachow et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. .

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Spirometry is considered relevant for the diagnosis and monitoring of post-TB lung disease. However, spirometry is rarely done in newly diagnosed TB patients.METHODS: Newly diagnosed, microbiologically confirmed TB patients were recruited for the study. Spirometry was performed within 21 days of TB treatment initiation according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines. Spirometry analysis was done using Global Lung Initiative equations for standardisation.RESULTS: Of 1,430 eligible study participants, 24.7% (353/1,430) had no spirometry performed mainly due to contraindications and 23.0% (329/1,430) had invalid results; 52.3% (748/1,430) of participants had a valid result, 82.8% (619/748) of whom had abnormal spirometry. Of participants with abnormal spirometry, 70% (436/619) had low forced vital capacity (FVC), 6.1% (38/619) had a low ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) to FVC, and 19.1% (118/619) had low FVC, as well as low FEV1/FVC ratio. Among those with abnormal spirometry, 26.3% (163/619) had severe lung impairment.CONCLUSIONS: In this population, a high proportion of not performed and invalid spirometry assessments was observed; this was addressed by removing tachycardia as a (relative) contraindication from the study guidance and retraining. The high proportion of patients with severe pulmonary impairment at the time of TB diagnosis suggests a huge morbidity burden and calls for further longitudinal studies on the relevance of spirometry in predicting chronic lung impairment after TB.

CONTEXTE:: La spirométrie est considérée comme pertinente pour le diagnostic et le suivi de la maladie pulmonaire post-TB. Cependant, la spirométrie est rarement pratiquée chez les patients dont la TB vient d’être diagnostiquée.

MÉTHODES:: Des patients nouvellement diagnostiqués, dont la TB a été confirmée microbiologiquement, ont été recrutés pour l’étude. La spirométrie a été réalisée dans les 21 jours suivant le début du traitement de la TB, conformément aux directives de l’American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. L’analyse de la spirométrie a été effectuée en utilisant les équations de la Global Lung Initiative pour la standardisation.

RÉSULTATS:: Sur les 1 430 participants éligibles à l’étude, 24,7% (353/1 430) n’ont pas eu de spirométrie effectuée, principalement en raison de contre-indications, et 23,0% (329/1 430) ont eu des résultats non valides; 52,3% (748/1 430) des participants ont eu un résultat valide, 82,8% (619/748) d’entre eux ayant une spirométrie anormale. Parmi les participants présentant une spirométrie anormale, 70% (436/619) avaient une faible capacité vitale forcée (FVC), 6,1% (38/619) avaient un faible rapport entre le volume expiratoire forcé en 1 seconde (FEV1) et la FVC, et 19,1% (118/619) avaient une faible FVC, ainsi qu’un faible rapport FEV1/FVC. Parmi ceux qui présentaient une spirométrie anormale, 26,3% (163/619) avaient une déficience pulmonaire sévère.

CONCLUSIONS:: Dans cette population, on a observé une proportion élevée d’évaluations spirométriques non effectuées et non valides ; ce problème a été résolu en supprimant la tachycardie en tant que contre-indication (relative) des directives de l’étude et en procédant à une nouvelle formation. La proportion élevée de patients présentant une atteinte pulmonaire sévère au moment du diagnostic de la TB suggère une charge de morbidité énorme et appelle à d’autres études longitudinales sur la pertinence de la spirométrie dans la prédiction de l’atteinte pulmonaire chronique après la TB.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: none declared.

Figures

Figure
Figure
Study flowchart and spirometry outcomes. In total, 557 participants were not eligible for the study. Detailed reasons for non-eligibility are provided in the Supplementary Data. The arrows indicate the hierarchy of boxes and direction of flow. FVC = forced vital capacity; LLN = lower limit of normality; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 sec.

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