Understanding the Association Between Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represents a sleep-related impairment linked to upper airway function. The question of whether OSA drives obesity or if shared underlying factors contribute to both conditions remains unresolved. Hence, this present study aims to understand the interplay between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and obesity through in-depth analysis of anthropometric data within control subjects and OSA patients. Methodology A case-control study was conducted, which included 40 cases and 40 matched healthy controls. Study participants with reported symptoms of snoring, daytime drowsiness, or both were included in the study. All the study participants underwent comprehensive anthropometric assessments such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, skin-fold thickness, and thickness measurements of biceps, triceps, suprailiac, and subscapular muscles. Results Within the OSA group, significant disparities emerged in mean age, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and diverse fat accumulations encompassing visceral, subcutaneous, trunk, and subcutaneous leg fat. Notably, skin-fold thickness at specific sites - biceps, triceps, subscapula, and suprailiac - demonstrated considerable augmentation relative to the control group. Furthermore, mean values associated with height, weight, BMI, neck circumference, fat percentage, subcutaneous arm fat, entire arm composition, and trunk skeletal muscle either equaled or exceeded those in the control group. However, statistical significance was not attained in these comparisons. Conclusion This investigation underscored a pronounced correlation between numerous endpoints characterizing OSA patients and markers of obesity. Consequently, addressing altered levels of obesity-linked anthropometric variables through pharmacological interventions might hold promise as a pivotal strategy for improving symptoms associated with OSA.

Keywords: anthropometric parameters; bmi; case-control study; markers; obesity; osa.

Figure 1. Distribution of individuals according to mean age

Figure 2. Distribution of individuals according to mean weight

Figure 3. Distribution of individuals according to mean neck and waist circumference (P value <0.01)

Figure 4. Distribution of individuals according to mean waist/hip ratio

Figure 5. Distribution of individuals according to mean bicep, tricep, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thickness (P value <0.05)

Figure 6. Distribution of individuals according to mean visceral fat and fat % (P value <0.01)

Figure 7. Distribution of individuals according to mean fat in different body parts (P value <0.05)

Figure 8. Distribution of individuals according to mean % of skeletal muscle in different body parts