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. 2023 Oct 20;9(10):832.
doi: 10.3390/gels9100832.

Spilanthes acmella Extract-Based Natural Oils Loaded Emulgel for Anti-Microbial Action against Dermatitis

Aqsa Afzal  1 , Syed Nisar Hussain Shah  2 , Hina Javed  1 , Asma Mumtaz  1 , Javeria Saeed  1 , Hafiz Majid Rasheed  2 , Rabia Arshad  2 , Siddique Akber Ansari  3 , Hamad M Alkahtani  3 , Irfan Aamer Ansari  4
Affiliations

Spilanthes acmella Extract-Based Natural Oils Loaded Emulgel for Anti-Microbial Action against Dermatitis

Aqsa Afzal et al. Gels. .

Abstract

Background: Dermatitis is skin disorder that is complicated by recurrent infections of skin by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Spilanthol is an active constituent of Spilanthes acmella, which possess strong anti-bacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to develop a herbal emulgel for the treatment of dermal bacterial infections, as microscopic organisms have created solid resistance against anti-microbials.

Methods: Emulgels were prepared and characterized for parameters such as physical examination, rheological studies, spreading coefficient, bio-adhesive strength measurement, extrudability study, antibacterial activity, FTIR analysis, in vitro drug dissolution, and ex vivo permeation studies.

Result: With a statistically significant p-value = 0.024, 100% antibacterial activity was observed by F4 against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli (mean ± S.D) (25.33 ± 0.28, 27.33 ± 0.5, and 27 ± 0.5). However, maximum antibacterial effect 100% formulations produced zones of inhibitions against E. colip-value = 0.001. The mean zone of inhibition produced by F4 was greatest among all at 26.44 ± 0.37 mm (mean ± S.D). The F4 formulation produced a maximum percentage dissolution, permeation, and flux of 86.35 ± 0.576, 55.29 ± 0.127%, and 0.5532 ug/cm2/min, respectively.

Conclusions: The present study therefore, suggests the use of S. acmella extract and olive oil containing emulgel for treating bacterial skin infections.

Keywords: Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spilanthes acmella; Staphylococcus aureus; emulgel; spilanthol.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Images of emulgel formulations (F1–F4).
Figure 2
Figure 2
FTIR spectra of F4 formulation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Viscosities of all formulations (centipoise). The results are enumerated as mean ± S.D (n = 3). * represents significance level (p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spreadability of all formulations (g/cm/s). The results are enumerated as mean ± S.D (n = 3). *** represents significance level (p ≤ 0.001).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Bio-adhesive strength of all formulations (g). The results are enumerated as mean ± S.D (n = 3). *** represents significance level (p ≤ 0.001).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Image of Petri plates showing zones of inhibitions produced by all formulations against Pseudo, Staph, and E. coli (A), individual value plot of all formulations vs. standard Meropenem (B).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Individual value plot of % drug dissolution from F1 to F4. The results are enumerated as mean ± S.D (n = 3). *** represents significance level (p ≤ 0.001).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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