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Review
. 2023 Oct 17;11(10):2816.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11102816.

Urinary Microbiome in Bladder Diseases-Review

Joanna Chorbińska  1 , Wojciech Krajewski  1 , Łukasz Nowak  1 , Bartosz Małkiewicz  1 , Francesco Del Giudice  2 , Tomasz Szydełko  3
Affiliations
Review

Urinary Microbiome in Bladder Diseases-Review

Joanna Chorbińska et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

The microbiome is the totality of microorganisms found in a specific biological niche. It has been proven that in the human body, the microbiome is responsible for its proper functioning. Dysbiosis, i.e., a disturbance in the composition of the microbiome, may be associated with the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Until recently, studies did not focus on the microbiome of the urinary tract, because, since the 19th century, there had been a dogma that urine in healthy people is sterile. Yet, advances in molecular biology techniques have allowed this dogma to be overthrown. The use of DNA sequencing has shown that the urinary tract has its own endogenous microbiome. This discovery enabled further research on the characteristics of the urine microbiomes of healthy people, as well as on the role of the urine microbiome in the pathogenesis of many urological diseases, including bladder diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the urinary microbiome in bladder diseases and to identify potential directions for further research.

Keywords: bladder cancer; bladder pain syndrome; neuropathic bladder; overactive bladder; urinary incontinence; urinary microbiome; urinary tract infection; urobiome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Urinary microbiome in bladder diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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