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. 2023 Sep 26;14(10):1830.
doi: 10.3390/mi14101830.

Miniaturized Low-Frequency Communication System Based on the Magnetoelectric Effect

Guohao Zi  1   2 , Zhibo Ma  1   2 , Yinan Wang  1   2 , Yuanhang Wang  1   2 , Ziqiang Jia  1   2 , Shanlin Zhao  1   2 , Dishu Huang  1   2 , Tao Wang  3
Affiliations

Miniaturized Low-Frequency Communication System Based on the Magnetoelectric Effect

Guohao Zi et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

Recently, the realization of electromagnetic wave signal transmission and reception has been achieved through the utilization of the magnetoelectric effect, enabling the development of compact and portable low-frequency communication systems. In this paper, we present a miniaturized low-frequency communication system including a transmitter device and a receiver device, which operates at a frequency of 44.75 kHz, and the bandwidth is 1.1 kHz. The transmitter device employs a Terfenol-D (80 mm × 10 mm × 0.2 mm)/PZT (30 mm × 10 mm × 0.2 mm)/Terfenol-D glued composite heterojunction magnetoelectric antenna and the strongest radiation in the length direction, while the receiver device utilizes a manually crafted coil maximum size of 82 mm, yielding a minimum induced electromagnetic field of 1 pT at 44.75 kHz. With an input voltage of 150 V, the system effectively communicates over a distance of 16 m in air and achieves reception of electromagnetic wave signals within 1 m in simulated seawater with a salinity level of 35% at 25 °C. The miniaturized low-frequency communication system possesses wireless transmission capabilities, a compact size, and a rapid response, rendering it suitable for applications in mining communication, underwater communication, underwater wireless energy transmission, and underwater wireless sensor networks.

Keywords: low-frequency communication system; magnetoelectric antenna; miniaturization; underwater communication.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Schematic of the MMCS transmitting ME antenna. (b) Prototype of the MMCS transmitting ME antenna. (c) MMCS receiving coil.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Characterization platform schematic of the receiving coil.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Characterization platform schematic of MMCS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Characterization platform of the MMCS receiving coil. (b) The receiving coil resonance frequency is 44.75 kHz, and the signal strength at the resonance frequency is improved significantly. (c) For the receiving coil, a 1nT electromagnetic field strength corresponds to a 86.446 mV induced voltage at 44.75 kHz. (d) The receiving coil resonance frequency detecting an AC electromagnetic field of minimum 1 pT.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The output signal of the transmitting ME antenna increases with the input voltage, and there are starting and saturation voltages.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Integration of small NdFeB magnets in the transmitting ME antenna helps to improve the radiated signal strength.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Coordinate system definition diagram of the ME antenna. (b) Radiating pole diagram of the ME antenna in the x-y plane.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Receiving coil output 44.75 kHz sine wave voltage consistent with the radiated signal of the transmitting ME antenna.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Binary code element transmission experiments of the MMCS.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The testing platform of the MMCS in air.
Figure 11
Figure 11
MMCS signal strength as a function of distance in the actual test process can achieve communication up to 16 m.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Simulation of seawater low-frequency communication experiment (a) Packaged waterproof transmitting ME antenna. (b) Simulation of seawater medium communication feasibility test. (c) Simulation of received signal amplitude in seawater medium.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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