Influence of the Fiber Post Length on the Fracture Strength of Endodontically Treated Teeth

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Although fiber posts are widely used in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT), their ideal cementation depth into the root canal is still debated in literature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the different intra-radicular insertion lengths of the fiber posts influence the fracture strength of ETT. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 permanent human lower incisors with straight roots of similar length and volume extracted for periodontal reason were sectioned 2 mm above the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) to a total length of 18 mm and endodontically treated in the same manner, then randomly divided into two groups of five each (Groups 1 and 2, n = 5). Two sound incisors, with no endodontic treatment, were used as the control group (Group 3, n = 2). After one week of storage in a humid environment, spaces for fiber post no. 1 (Reforpost, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) were prepared in the first two groups at a depth of 5 mm (Group 1) and 7 mm (Group 2), and the fiber posts were adhesively cemented using self-adhesive resin cement (Maxcem Elite, Kerr GmbH, Herzogenrath, Germany). After 7 days, the samples were vertically positioned and fixed in a self-curing transparent acrylic resin, up to 2 mm below the CEJ level, and mechanically tested in compression after another week of storage using a displacement-controlled testing machine up to each sample's fracture. The force-displacement curves were recorded for each sample, the means were calculated for each group and a statistical comparative analysis between groups was conducted. Results: Although no statistically significant differences between groups were observed, the highest mean fracture force (N) was recorded in Group 2 (1099.41 ± 481.89) in comparison to Group 1 (985.09 ± 330.28), even when compared to the sound, non-treated teeth (1045.69 ± 146.19). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, teeth where fiber posts were placed deeper into the root canal (7 mm) recorded slightly higher fracture forces in comparison with shorter lengths (5 mm). However, similar biomechanical performances obtained in the mechanical tests showed no statistical differences between the 7 mm and the 5 mm inserted posts.

Keywords: endodontically treated teeth; fiber post; fracture strength; post length; self-adhesive resin cements.

Figure 1

Samples from Group 1 (a), Group 2 (b) and Group 3 (c) ready for the mechanical testing.

Figure 2

Mechanical testing of the dental samples: testing setup and result.

Figure 3

The fractured samples from Groups 1 (a) and 2 (b) after testing, and Samples 1.3 (c), 2.4 (d) and sample 3.1 (e) evaluated under the dental operating microscope (DOM) (×1.6).

Figure 4

Force–displacement curves of Group 1 (a), Group 2 (b), Control Group 3 (c) and representative curves for each group (d).

Figure 5

Graphical representation of fracture force (maximum force) in all groups (a) and absorbed energy in all groups (b), both with their corresponding standard deviations.