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. 2023 Oct 20;13(20):3282.
doi: 10.3390/ani13203282.

Effects of Lyophilized Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) Supplementation on Oxidative Damage and Intestinal Histology in Juvenile Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Reared in Biofloc Systems

Grecica Mariana Colombo  1   2 , Robson Matheus Marreiro Gomes  1   2 , Sonia Astrid Muñoz Buitrago  1   2 , Juan Rafael Buitrago Ramírez  1   2 , Alan Carvalho de Sousa Araujo  1   2 , Fernando Pablo Silva Oliveira  2   3 , Virgínia Fonseca Pedrosa  2   3 , Luís Alberto Romano  2   3 , Marcelo Tesser  2   4 , Wilson Wasielesky  2   5 , José María Monserrat  1   2   6
Affiliations

Effects of Lyophilized Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) Supplementation on Oxidative Damage and Intestinal Histology in Juvenile Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Reared in Biofloc Systems

Grecica Mariana Colombo et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

The objective of this was to evaluate the ability of bioflocs to assimilate and transfer antioxidant compounds present in açaí Euterpe oleracea to juvenile Penaeus vannamei shrimp grown in a biofloc system. Juvenile shrimp were distributed into four treatment groups (control, 5, 20, and 80 mg açaí L-1), containing 31 shrimps/tank (90 L), and cultivated for 30 days. Every 24 h throughout the experimental period, the respective açaí concentrations were added directly to the cultivation water. The bioflocs and hepatopancreas lost their antioxidant capacity with increasing concentrations of açaí; however, lipid damage was mitigated after treatment with 20 mg of açaí L-1 (p < 0.05). The application of 20 mg açaí L-1 increased the mean height and area of the middle intestinal microvilli (p < 0.05). Mortality and protein and lipid damage in shrimp muscle increased with daily administration of 80 mg açaí L-1 (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the bioflocs were able to assimilate the antioxidants present in açaí and transfer them to the shrimp, and the administration of 20 mg açaí L-1 presented the best performance, demonstrating the possibility of its application in the cultivation of P. vannamei in a biofloc system.

Keywords: antioxidant; bioactive compounds; polyphenols.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental groups and analyses used in this study. ACAP: total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals. TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. GSH: reduced glutathione. P-SH: Protein-associated sulfhydryl groups. Created with BioRender.com.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Values of total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (expressed in relative area) in the bioflocs (a), gills (b), hepatopancreas (c), and muscle (d) of Penaeus vannamei shrimp after the addition of different concentrations of lyophilized açaí for 30 days. Values are expressed as mean ± 1 standard error (n = 12). Different letters indicate statistical differences between the concentrations of lyophilized açaí according to the Newman–Keuls test at a significance level of 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Levels of lipid peroxidation (nmol TMP/mg per tissue) in the bioflocs (a), gills (b), hepatopancreas (c), and muscle (d) of Penaeus vannamei shrimp after the addition of different concentrations of lyophilized açaí for 30 days. Values are expressed as mean ± 1 standard error (n = 12). Different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments according to the Newman–Keuls test at a significance level of 0.05. TMP is tetramethoxypropane, which was used as the standard.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH, μmol/mg protein) in the bioflocs (a), gills (b), hepatopancreas (c), and muscle (d) of Penaeus vannamei shrimp after the addition of different concentrations of lyophilized açaí for 30 days. Values are expressed as mean ± 1 standard error (n = 12). Different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments according to the Newman–Keuls test at a significance level of 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Concentration of protein sulfhydryl groups (μmol/mg protein) in the bioflocs (a), gills (b), hepatopancreas (c), and muscle (d) of Penaeus vannamei shrimp after the addition of different concentrations of lyophilized açaí for 30 days. Values are expressed as mean ± 1 standard error (n = 12). Different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments according to the Newman–Keuls test at a significance level of 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Middle intestine of juvenile shrimp Penaeus vannamei reared in a biofloc technology system (BFT) with different concentrations of açaí Euterpe oleracea for 30 days. (A)—Control; (B)—5 mg açaí L−1; (C)—20 mg açaí L−1; (D)—80 mg açaí L−1. H-E. BAR: 10 µm.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Posterior intestine of juvenile shrimp Penaeus vannamei reared in a biofloc technology system (BFT) with different concentrations of açaí Euterpe oleracea for 30 days. (A)—Control; (B)—5 mg açaí L−1; (C)—20 mg açaí L−1; (D)—80 mg açaí L−1. H-E. BAR: 10 µm.
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