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Review
. 2023 Oct 13;28(20):7064.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28207064.

The Hybrid Nano-Biointerface between Proteins/Peptides and Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Giuseppe Forte  1 , Diego La Mendola  2 , Cristina Satriano  3
Affiliations
Review

The Hybrid Nano-Biointerface between Proteins/Peptides and Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Giuseppe Forte et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

In typical protein-nanoparticle surface interactions, the biomolecule surface binding and consequent conformational changes are intermingled with each other and are pivotal to the multiple functional properties of the resulting hybrid bioengineered nanomaterial. In this review, we focus on the peculiar properties of the layer formed when biomolecules, especially proteins and peptides, face two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge and the current challenges concerning the biomolecule coronas and, in general, the 2D nano-biointerface established when peptides and proteins interact with the nanosheet surface. Specifically, this review includes both experimental and simulation studies, including some recent machine learning results of a wide range of nanomaterial and peptide/protein systems.

Keywords: (M)Xenes; 2D nano-biointerface; adlayer; graphene; molybdenum disulfide; nanoparticles; protein corona.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
The protein corona dependance on the size of 3D (a) and 2D nanomaterials (b).
Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic illustration, in two specular views, (a,b), of the interaction between the Wy5a aptamer and the α6β4 protein facilitated by PNIPAM attached to GO at 307 K. At this temperature, PNIPAM undergoes a transition into its globular form, fostering the aptamer–protein interaction.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A schematic representation of the HEWL onto h-BN and graphene at the end of the simulation with different secondary structures.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dynamics of the insertion of a graphene sheet into the dimer at (a) 2 ns; (b) 30 ns; (c) 40 ns; (d) 56 ns (figure modified from Ref. [99]).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Simulation models for the interaction between GO and (a) BDNF (1–12), (b) NT3 (1–13), and (c) NGF (1–14). Water molecules are omitted for clarity, and carboxyfluorescein moiety is highlighted in green (from Ref. [103]).
Figure 5
Figure 5
A schematic representation of the predicted structures for the peptide adlayers. In panels (a–c), the tilting of the parent peptide X (KWKLFKKIGIGAVLKVLTTGLPALIS), mutant A (KAKLAKKIGIGAVLKVLTTGLPALIS), and mutant B (SWSLFSSIGIGAVLKVLTTGLPALIS) are displayed. In panel (d), the parallel configuration of mutant C (KWKFFKKIGIGAVLKVLTTGLPALIS) on MoS2 is shown, with the helicity of its secondary structure conserved during the simulations. Water is not shown for clarity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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