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. 2023 Oct 13;131(15):151002.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.151002.

Temporal Structures in Positron Spectra and Charge-Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

M Aguilar  1 G Ambrosi  2 H Anderson  3 L Arruda  4 N Attig  5 C Bagwell  3 F Barao  4 M Barbanera  2 L Barrin  6 A Bartoloni  7 R Battiston  8   9 N Belyaev  3 J Berdugo  1 B Bertucci  2   10 V Bindi  11 K Bollweg  12 J Bolster  3 M Borchiellini  13 B Borgia  7   14 M J Boschini  15 M Bourquin  16 J Burger  3 W J Burger  8 X D Cai  3 M Capell  3 J Casaus  1 G Castellini  17 F Cervelli  18 Y H Chang  19 G M Chen  20   21 G R Chen  22 H Chen  23 H S Chen  20   21 Y Chen  16   22 L Cheng  22 H Y Chou  19 S Chouridou  24 V Choutko  3 C H Chung  24 C Clark  3   12 G Coignet  25 C Consolandi  11 A Contin  26   27 C Corti  11 Z Cui  28   22 K Dadzie  3 F D'Angelo  26   27 A Dass  8   9 C Delgado  1 S Della Torre  15 M B Demirköz  29 L Derome  30 S Di Falco  18 V Di Felice  31 C Díaz  1 F Dimiccoli  8 P von Doetinchem  11 F Dong  32 F Donnini  2 M Duranti  2 A Egorov  3 A Eline  3 F Faldi  2   10 J Feng  33 E Fiandrini  2   10 P Fisher  3 V Formato  31 C Gámez  1 R J García-López  34 C Gargiulo  6 H Gast  24 M Gervasi  15   35 F Giovacchini  1 D M Gómez-Coral  36 J Gong  32 C Goy  25 D Grandi  15   35 M Graziani  2   10 A N Guracho  7 S Haino  19 K C Han  37 R K Hashmani  29 Z H He  33 B Heber  38 T H Hsieh  3 J Y Hu  20   21 B W Huang  23 M Ionica  2 M Incagli  18 Yi Jia  3 H Jinchi  37 G Karagöz  29 S Khan  16 B Khiali  31 Th Kirn  24 A P Klipfel  3 O Kounina  3 A Kounine  3 V Koutsenko  3 D Krasnopevtsev  3 A Kuhlman  11 A Kulemzin  3 G La Vacca  15   35 E Laudi  6 G Laurenti  26 G LaVecchia  3 I Lazzizzera  8   9 H T Lee  39 S C Lee  19 H L Li  22 J Q Li  32 M Li  16 M Li  28 Q Li  32 Q Li  28 Q Y Li  22 S Li  24 S L Li  20   21 J H Li  28 Z H Li  20   21 J Liang  28 M J Liang  20   21 C H Lin  19 T Lippert  5 J H Liu  40 S Q Lu  19 Y S Lu  20 K Luebelsmeyer  24 J Z Luo  32 S D Luo  23 Xi Luo  22 C Mañá  1 J Marín  1 J Marquardt  38 T Martin  3   12 G Martínez  1 N Masi  26 D Maurin  30 T Medvedeva  3 A Menchaca-Rocha  36 Q Meng  32 M Molero  34 P Mott  3   12 L Mussolin  2   10 Y Najafi Jozani  24 J Negrete  11 R Nicolaidis  8   9 N Nikonov  11 F Nozzoli  8 J Ocampo-Peleteiro  1 A Oliva  26 M Orcinha  4 M A Ottupara  22 M Palermo  11 F Palmonari  26   27 M Paniccia  16 A Pashnin  3 M Pauluzzi  2   10 S Pensotti  15   35 V Plyaskin  3 S Poluianov  41 X Qin  3 Z Y Qu  22 L Quadrani  26   27 P G Rancoita  15 D Rapin  16 A Reina Conde  26 E Robyn  16 I Rodríguez-García  1 L Romaneehsen  38 F Rossi  8   9 A Rozhkov  3 D Rozza  15 R Sagdeev  42 E Savin  26   27 S Schael  24 A Schultz von Dratzig  24 G Schwering  24 E S Seo  43 B S Shan  44 T Siedenburg  24 G Silvestre  2 J W Song  28 X J Song  22 R Sonnabend  24 L Strigari  7 T Su  22 Q Sun  28 Z T Sun  20   21 M Tacconi  15   35 X W Tang  20 Z C Tang  20 J Tian  31 Y Tian  23 Samuel C C Ting  3   6 S M Ting  3 N Tomassetti  2   10 J Torsti  45 T Urban  3   12 I Usoskin  41 V Vagelli  2   46 R Vainio  45 M Valencia-Otero  47 E Valente  7   14 E Valtonen  45 M Vázquez Acosta  34 M Vecchi  13 M Velasco  1 J P Vialle  25 C X Wang  28 L Wang  40 L Q Wang  28 N H Wang  28 Q L Wang  40 S Wang  11 X Wang  3 Yu Wang  28 Z M Wang  22 J Wei  16   22 Z L Weng  3 H Wu  32 Y Wu  22 J N Xiao  23 R Q Xiong  32 X Z Xiong  23 W Xu  28   22 Q Yan  3 H T Yang  20   21 Y Yang  48 A Yelland  3 H Yi  32 Y H You  20   21 Y M Yu  3 Z Q Yu  20 C Zhang  20 F Zhang  20 F Z Zhang  20   21 J Zhang  28 J H Zhang  32 Z Zhang  3 F Zhao  20   21 C Zheng  22 Z M Zheng  44 H L Zhuang  20 V Zhukov  24 A Zichichi  26   27 P Zuccon  8   9 AMS Collaboration
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Temporal Structures in Positron Spectra and Charge-Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

M Aguilar et al. Phys Rev Lett. .
Free article

Abstract

We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic positron fluxes in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 3.4×10^{6} positrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The positron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the electron fluxes at short and long timescales. A hysteresis between the electron fluxes and the positron fluxes is observed with a significance greater than 5σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. On the contrary, the positron fluxes and the proton fluxes show similar time variation. Remarkably, we found that positron fluxes are modulated more than proton fluxes with a significance greater than 5σ for rigidities below 7 GV. These continuous daily positron fluxes, together with AMS daily electron, proton, and helium fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle, provide unique input to the understanding of both the charge-sign and mass dependencies of cosmic rays in the heliosphere.

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