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. 2023 Oct;20(10):951-961.
doi: 10.30773/pi.2023.0021. Epub 2023 Oct 24.

Smartphone Addiction Among University Students' During the Post-COVID-19 Era: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Future Anxiety

Hong-Xin Zhang  1
Affiliations

Smartphone Addiction Among University Students' During the Post-COVID-19 Era: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Future Anxiety

Hong-Xin Zhang. Psychiatry Investig. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related psychological symptoms can lead to smartphone addiction (SPA) risk and other behavioral disorders, thus impacting individuals' mental health and well-being. The present study aims to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and SPA, and the mediating role of future anxiety (FA) during the post-COVID-19 era.

Methods: An online questionnaire including the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Dark Future Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale among university students from China, was conducted between September 14 and November 22, 2022. Finally, 1,154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity.

Results: Structural Equation Model demonstrated that EI significantly and negatively influenced SPA (β=0.211, p<0.001), university students' FA significantly and positively effected SPA (β=0.315, p<0.001), EI significantly predicted SPA in university students, and FA partially mediated the association between EI and SPA. The mediation effect of FA was 0.110, which accounted for 34.27% of the total effect. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect.

Conclusion: These findings broaden our understanding regarding the relationship between EI and SPA and the mediating role of FA, providing new sights for educators on how to reduce the risk of SPA when confronting the ongoing and possible future pandemics.

Keywords: Emotional intelligence; Future anxiety; Post-COVID-19 era; Smartphone addiction; University students.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest

The author has no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The proposed mediation model. EI, emotional intelligence; FA, future anxiety; SPA, smartphone addiction; H, hypothesis.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The mediation model. ***p<0.001. EI, emotional intelligence; FA, future anxiety; SPA, smartphone addiction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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