Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions

Abstract

Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually. While nutrition science traditionally focuses on isolating single nutrients to study their effects, it is recognized that nutrients interact in complex ways, and their combined consumption can lead to additive effects. Additionally, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide guidelines to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive intake but are not designed to assess the potential synergistic effects of consuming nutrients together. Even the term synergy is often applied in different manners depending on the scientific discipline. Considering these issues, the aim of this narrative review is to investigate the potential health benefits of consuming different nutrients and nutrient supplements in combination, a concept we define as nutrient synergy, which has gained considerable attention for its impact on overall well-being. We will examine how nutrient synergy affects major bodily systems, influencing systemic health. Additionally, we will address the challenges associated with promoting and conducting research on this topic, while proposing potential solutions to enhance the quality and quantity of scientific literature on nutrient synergy.

Keywords: micronutrients; minerals; phytonutrients; polyphenols; potentiation; supplementation; synergy; vitamins.

Figure 1

Example of Nutrient Synergy in foods (Spirulina spp.). This figure illustrates the diverse array of nutrients found in foods, highlighting their vital roles in supporting human health and well-being. In addition to macronutrients, foods provide an intricate blend of micronutrients, phytonutrients, and bioactive compounds, each contributing to various physiological functions. FA, fatty acid.