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Review
. 2023 Oct 19:2023:5810157.
doi: 10.1155/2023/5810157. eCollection 2023.

Irisin and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Obesity: A Systematic Review

Jorge da Silva Pinho-Jr  1   2   3 , Flávio Andrade Camacho  2   4 , Carollyne Dos Santos Cavararo  1   2 , Paula Ferreira Baião  2 , Renata Frauches Medeiros  1   3   4 , Sérgio Girão Barroso  1   2   3 , Andrea Cardoso de Matos  1   2   3   4
Affiliations
Review

Irisin and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Obesity: A Systematic Review

Jorge da Silva Pinho-Jr et al. Int J Inflam. .

Abstract

Background: Overweight and obesity are global health issues, impacting a significant portion of young adults. Obesity is a complex condition influenced by genetics and environmental factors, leading to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Irisin, a protein derived from the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, may have relationship with these cardiometabolic diseases.

Objective: This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between serum irisin levels and obesity, particularly in individuals predisposed to cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted in multiple databases, including "Science Direct," "Scopus," "PubMed," and "Lilacs," from July 2020. Inclusion criteria encompassed subjects with metabolic disorders (with or without obesity, BMI ≥30 kg/m2), clinical trials, and observational studies published between 2010 and June 2020. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, studies evaluating only healthy subjects, and those investigating disorders beyond cardiometabolic diseases.

Results: Out of 151 identified articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria. These studies, published between 2013 and 2020, assessed adults (≥21 years) and included 26 observational studies and 4 clinical trials (n = 7585 subjects). All studies examined irisin's role in obesity and CVDs, often including associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Despite varying sample sizes, the samples within the articles were homogeneous. Observational studies exhibited a low risk of bias in at least 60% of the evaluated domains. Clinical trials demonstrated a low risk of bias in at least 50% of the domains. Limitations. Although the systematic review provides valuable insights, it is limited by the available literature and the varying methodologies used across studies.

Conclusion: The review suggests that irisin plays a significant role as both a preventive measure and a biomarker for comorbidities linked to obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Future research should focus on standardized irisin measurement methods and diverse populations to further elucidate its mechanisms of action.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flowchart of literature search and studies selection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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