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Review
. 2023 Oct 30;21(1):302.
doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01341-8.

Biological function and clinical application prospect of tsRNAs in digestive system biology and pathology

Juan Du  1 , Tianyi Huang  1 , Zhen Zheng  2 , Shuai Fang  3 , Hongxia Deng  4 , Kaitai Liu  5
Affiliations
Review

Biological function and clinical application prospect of tsRNAs in digestive system biology and pathology

Juan Du et al. Cell Commun Signal. .

Abstract

tsRNAs are small non-coding RNAs originating from tRNA that play important roles in a variety of physiological activities such as RNA silencing, ribosome biogenesis, retrotransposition, and epigenetic inheritance, as well as involvement in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. tsRNA-related abnormalities have a significant influence on the onset, development, and progression of numerous human diseases, including malignant tumors through affecting the cell cycle and specific signaling molecules. This review introduced origins together with tsRNAs classification, providing a summary for regulatory mechanism and physiological function while dysfunctional effect of tsRNAs in digestive system diseases, focusing on the clinical prospects of tsRNAs for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Video Abstract.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Diagnosis; Digestive disease; Prognosis; tsRNAs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Origin and classification of tsRNAs. tRFs that are derived from the 5' and 3' ends are called 5'-tRF and 3'-tRF. In the pre-tRNAs in the nucleus, RNase Z-specific endonuclear cleavage catalyzes the 3 'end to produce tRF-1. In the mature structure of tRNA, 5'-tRF can be cleaved at the cleavage site on the D loop, which includes tRF-5a, tRF-5b and tRF-5c. 3'-tRF can be generated at the cleavage site on the T loop, including tRF-3a and tRF-3b, 5'-tRFsand 3'-3'-tRF. tiRNAwere form ed by cutting at sites in the anticodon loop, which could be divided into 5'-tiRNA and 3'-tiRNA. i-tRF and tRF-2 were formed by cutting at two sites simultaneously in the T loop and the D loop
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Biofunctions of tsRNAs in GC. tsRNAs can affect the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Biofunctions of tsRNAs in CRC. tsRNAs can affect the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Biofunctions of tsRNAs in Hepatobiliary Cancers. tsRNAs can affect the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of hepatobiliary cancer cells
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Biofunctions of tsRNAs in Other Cancers. tsRNAs can affect the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of OSCC, EC, and PC cells
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Regulatory mechanism of tsRNAs in cancer cell. tsRNAs interact with proteins and genes to display biological functions in digestive system cancers
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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