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. 2024 Jan 1;10(1):103-108.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4508.

Vaginal Estrogen Therapy Use and Survival in Females With Breast Cancer

Lauren McVicker  1 , Alexander M Labeit  1 , Carol A C Coupland  2   3 , Blánaid Hicks  1 , Carmel Hughes  4 , Úna McMenamin  1 , Stuart A McIntosh  5   6 , Peter Murchie  7 , Chris R Cardwell  1
Affiliations

Vaginal Estrogen Therapy Use and Survival in Females With Breast Cancer

Lauren McVicker et al. JAMA Oncol. .

Abstract

Importance: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause can be treated with vaginal estrogen therapy. However, there are concerns about the safety of vaginal estrogen therapy in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To determine whether the risk of breast cancer-specific mortality was higher in females with breast cancer who used vaginal estrogen therapy vs females with breast cancer who did not use hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study analyzed 2 large cohorts, one each in Scotland and Wales, of females aged 40 to 79 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer. These population-based cohorts were identified from national cancer registry records from 2010 to 2017 in Scotland and from 2000 to 2016 in Wales and were followed up for breast cancer-specific mortality until 2020. Females were excluded if they had a previous cancer diagnosis (except nonmelanoma skin cancer). Data analysis was performed between August 2022 and August 2023.

Exposure: Use of vaginal estrogen therapy, including vaginal tablets and creams, was ascertained from pharmacy dispensing records of the Prescribing Information System for the Scotland cohort and from general practice prescription records for the Wales cohort.

Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was time to breast cancer-specific mortality, which was obtained from national mortality records. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for breast cancer-specific mortality, comparing vaginal estrogen therapy users with HRT nonusers and adjusting for confounders, including cancer stage and grade.

Results: The 2 cohorts comprised 49 237 females with breast cancer (between 40 and 79 years of age) and 5795 breast cancer-specific deaths. Five percent of patients with breast cancer used vaginal estrogen therapy after breast cancer diagnosis. In vaginal estrogen therapy users compared with HRT nonusers, there was no evidence of a higher risk of breast cancer-specific mortality in the pooled fully adjusted model (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94).

Conclusions and relevance: Results of this study showed no evidence of increased early breast cancer-specific mortality in patients who used vaginal estrogen therapy compared with patients who did not use HRT. This finding may provide some reassurance to prescribing clinicians and support the guidelines suggesting that vaginal estrogen therapy can be considered in patients with breast cancer and genitourinary symptoms.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr McVicker reported receiving other funding from Northern Ireland Department for Economy during the conduct of the study. Prof Coupland reported receiving grants to institution from Cancer Research UK during the conduct of the study. Dr Hicks reported receiving grants from Cancer Research UK outside the submitted work. Dr Hughes reported receiving grants from Queen's University Belfast during the conduct of the study. Dr McMenamin reported receiving grants from UK Research and Innovation during the conduct of the study. Mr McIntosh reported receiving personal fees from Roche, Lilly, MSD, AstraZeneca, BD, and Novartis; nonfinancial support from Roche, MSD, and Lilly; and grants from Breast Cancer Now, Cancer Research UK, and National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment outside the submitted work; and being Chair of UK National Cancer Research Institute Breast Research Group and Royal College of Surgeon Surgical Specialty Lead. Dr Cardwell reported receiving grants, which funded access to the datasets, from Cancer Research UK during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.

References

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