Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging helps Discover Cerebellar Dysplasia or Malformations in Foetuses

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to characterize and assess the diagnostic value of prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in detecting fetal cerebellar hypoplasia/dysplasia and developmental malformations.

Methods: Reports of suspected intracranial abnormalities were retrospectively collected on ultrasound screening (US), and MR images of fetuses were reviewed at our institution over a 5-year period on picture archiving and communication system (PACS) servers. Two experienced radiologists recorded major abnormalities and coexisting abnormalities at the reading of the census. The results of the MRI were compared against the US in each case.

Results: For prenatal MR imaging, we enlisted a total of 121 patients (mean gestational week, 24.5 ± 4.7 weeks). This included 28 cases with normal findings of MR imaging, 62 cases with findings of cerebellar hypoplasia or dysplasia, and the remaining 31 cases with other abnormities findings. Cerebral malformations cases included agenesis of the corpus callosum, cerebral hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, holoprosencephaly, ventriculomegaly, and brainstem/gyri malformation. Cerebellar abnormalities included vermis absence, cerebellar tonsil hernia, Dandy-Walker malformation, Blake's pouch cysts, arachnoid cysts, and intracranial hemorrhage. Other systemic malformation cases included tethered cord syndromes (9 cases), cleft lip and palate (1 case), club foot (1 case), and cardiac malformation (1 case). In 12 cases (24.5%), compared to the US, MR imaging proved the value of confirming the diagnosis and/or even yielded more findings on abnormalities.

Conclusion: Prenatal MR imaging can better visualize systemic malformations coexisting with cerebellar abnormalities. MR imaging, a complementary means to the US, can aid in prenatal counseling and treatment selection for term delivery.

Keywords: Cerebellum; Foetal malformation; Foetus; Magnetic resonance imaging.