Transient myocardial thickening: a retrospective analysis on etiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcome findings in 27 cats

Abstract

Introduction/objective: Transient myocardial thickening (TMT) in cats is a poorly characterized clinical entity. Therefore, this study aimed to provide descriptions of additional cats diagnosed with this clinical phenomenon.

Animals, materials, and methods: For this multicenter observational retrospective study, cats diagnosed with TMT were searched in three medical databases. TMT was defined for cats with at least two echocardiograms showing an increased end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness (LVWTd; i.e. ≥6 mm) at presentation and subsequent echocardiographic normalization (i.e. LVWTd <5.5 mm). Signalment, history, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcome data were retrieved.

Results: Twenty seven cats were included. The median age was 3 years. In 9/27 cats, an antecedent event was documented. At admission, 27/27 cats had evidence of myocardial injury (median value of cardiac troponin I 5.5 ng/mL), 25/27 cats had congestive heart failure, 13/27 cats had hypothermia, 8/27 cats had systemic hypotension, 7/27 cats had bradycardia, and 7/27 cats had electrocardiographic evidence of an arrhythmia. The median LVWTd was 6.4 mm. A potential cause of myocardial injury was identified in 14/27 cats. The median time from diagnosis to a significant reduction in LVWTd was 43 days.

Discussion: TMT can be diagnosed in a wide range of cats, including young subjects. An antecedent predisposing event and/or a possible causative trigger can be identified in some. The reduction in LVWTd that defines this phenomenon usually occurs over a variable time frame.

Conclusions: This study represents the largest investigation of TMT in cats and provides additional information on this uncommon clinical entity.

Keywords: Cardiac troponin I; Congestive heart failure; Left atrial dilation; Myocardial injury; Transthoracic echocardiography.