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Review
. 2023 Oct 18:14:1269581.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581. eCollection 2023.

From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration

Sheryar Afzal  1 , Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap  1 , Ali Attiq  2 , Ibrahim Albokhadaim  1 , Mahmoud Kandeel  1   3 , Sameer M Alhojaily  1
Affiliations
Review

From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration

Sheryar Afzal et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.

Keywords: animal models; drug discovery; epigenetic marks; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The origins of free radicals and their impact on the human body are presented schematically (Adaptation and Modification from Sharifi-Rad et al., 2020).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Maintaining a Basal Level of ROS in Cells is Essential for Proper Cellular Function. (Adaptation and modification from Mittler, 2017).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Diagram sketching mechanisms by which oxidative stress mediates AB production, or AB induces oxidative stress in neurodegeneration.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Mechanisms of action of tBHP producing oxidative stress.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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