Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Oct 20;9(11):e21286.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21286. eCollection 2023 Nov.

Prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes in adult East African population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Daniel Asmelash  1 , Getachew Mesfin Bambo  1 , Samuel Sahile  1 , Yemane Asmelash  2
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes in adult East African population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Daniel Asmelash et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with serious consequences, and more than three-fourths of diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. According to a recent study, people with prediabetes have nearly six times the risk of developing diabetes than those with normal glucose levels. However, due to the inconsistency and absence of representative data, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and its associated factors in the adult East African population.

Methods: Databases were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 2013, and December 30, 2022. All observational community-based studies that reported prediabetes prevalence and/or associated factors in adult East African populations were included in the meta-analyses. Three authors independently extracted all required data using the Excel data extraction format and analyzed using Stata™ Version 11. An I2 test was conducted to determine significant heterogeneity. Finally, a random effects model was used to determine the overall prevalence of prediabetes and its associated factors. The study was registered with Prospero number CRD42023389745.

Results: The search strategy identified 267 articles. After screening for full-text review, twenty-one articles were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of prediabetes was 12.58 % (95 % CI:10.30, 14.86 %) in the adult East African population. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that prediabetes in the urban population 20 % (95 % CI: 1.60, 38.37) was twice as prevalent as in rural 10.0 % (95 % CI: 5.52, 14.48) populations. The prevalence of prediabetes by the ADA diagnostic criteria was 21.45 % (95 % CI: 15.54, 27.35) three times higher than the WHO 7.20 % (95 % CI: 5.70, 8.69). Moreover, prediabetes was significantly associated with old age (OR = 1.64, 95 %, CI: 1.07, 2.53), hypertension (OR = 2.43, 95 %, CI: 1.02-5.79), obesity and overweight (OR = 1.70, 95 %, CI: 1.09,2.65).

Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of prediabetes, which was significantly associated with old age, hypertension, and high BMI. This study suggests that health policymakers should pay attention to the prevention and control strategies that is targeted at those with obesity, hypertension, and old age.

Keywords: Associated factors; East Africa; Meta-analysis; Prediabetes; Prevalence; Systematic review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic review diagram of article search and study selection.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Funnel plot of pooled prediabetes prevalence among adult East African population, 2023.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Meta-regression plot showing the trend of prediabetes prevalence in East Africa population over ten years.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Subgroup analysis on prediabetes prevalence by residence in the adult East African population, 2023.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Subgroup analysis of prediabetes prevalence by diagnostic criteria among adult East African population, 2023.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Subgroup analysis of prediabetes prevalence by test methods among adults in the East African population, 2023.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Forest plot for the association between old age and prediabetes.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Forest plot for the association between hypertension and prediabetes.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Forest plot for the association between obesity and prediabetes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Federation I.D. tenth ed. 2021. IDF Diabetes Atlas.https://www.diabetesatlas.org [Available from:
    1. Teshome A.A., et al. Magnitude of impaired fasting glucose and undiagnosed diabetic mellitus and associated risk factors among adults living in Woreta town, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study, 2021. BMC Endocr. Disord. 2022;22(1):243. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ampeire I.P., Kawugezi P.C., Mulogo E.M. Research Square; 2022. Prevalence of Prediabetes and Associated Factors Among Community Members in Rural Isingiro District. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Atun R D.J., Gale E.A.M., Bärnighausen T., Beran D., Kengne A.P. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(8):622–667. - PubMed
    1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(Suppl 1):S62–S69. Suppl 1. - PMC - PubMed