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. 2023 Oct 26:2023:8894593.
doi: 10.1155/2023/8894593. eCollection 2023.

Delivering the National Diabetes Prevention Program: Assessment of Outcomes in In-Person and Virtual Organizations

Elizabeth K Ely  1 , Boon Peng Ng  1   2 , Michael J Cannon  1
Affiliations

Delivering the National Diabetes Prevention Program: Assessment of Outcomes in In-Person and Virtual Organizations

Elizabeth K Ely et al. J Diabetes Res. .

Abstract

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program (DPRP) has helped organizations deliver the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program for over 10 years. Four delivery modes are now approved: in person, online (self-paced, asynchronous delivery), distance learning (remote, synchronous delivery), and combination (hybrid delivery using more than one delivery mode). We assessed outcomes using data from 333,715 participants who started the 12-month program between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018. The average number of sessions attended was highest for in-person participants (15.0), followed by online (12.9), distance learning (12.2), and combination (10.7). The average number of weeks in the program was highest for in-person participants (28.1), followed by distance learning (20.1), online (18.7), and combination (18.6). The average difference between the first and last reported weekly physical activity minutes reflected an increase for in person (42.0), distance learning (27.1), and combination (15.0), but a decrease for online (-19.8). Among participants retained through session 6 or longer, average weekly physical activity minutes exceeded the program goal of 150 for all delivery modes. Average weight loss (percent of body weight) was greater for in person (4.4%) and distance learning (4.7%) than for online (2.6%) or combination (2.9%). Average participant weight loss increased gradually by session for all delivery modes; among participants who remained in the program for 22 sessions, average weight loss exceeded the program goal of 5% for all delivery modes. In summary, if participants stay in the program, most have positive program outcomes regardless of delivery mode; they have some outcome improvement even if they leave early; and their outcomes improve more the longer they stay. This highlights the benefits of better retention and increased enrollment in the National DPP lifestyle change programs, as well as enhancements to online delivery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Percent of participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program (LCP) retained at each session, by organization delivery mode. (b) Percent of participants in the National DPP LCP retained each week, by organization delivery mode.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average number of days to reach each session attended by participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle change program, by organization delivery mode.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Average weekly physical activity (PA) minutes for participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program (LCP), by session and organization delivery mode. The value for each session was calculated using PA minutes from participants still in the program at that session. (b) Proportion of participants in the National DPP LCP with first and last entry of weekly PA minutes in each specified interval, by organization delivery mode. Session numbers where the first and last recorded weekly PA minutes were reported varied for individual participants. Of note, the percentage change in those reaching the program goal of 150 minutes per week can be seen in the dark green line.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Average weight loss per session for participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program (LCP), by organization delivery mode. (b) Average first and last recorded weight for participants in the National DPP LCP, by organization delivery mode. The value for each session was calculated using weights from participants still in the program at that session who reported a weight at that session.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Weight loss outcomes for all participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle change program, by organization delivery mode.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Cumulative distribution of weight loss outcomes for all participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle change program, by organization delivery mode.
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