Development of a Method for Multisensory Stripping Voltammetry in the Analysis of Medical Preparations

Abstract

For the effective dosage of newly developed ophthalmic drugs, an assessment of the dynamics of their concentration in lacrimal fluid over time is required. To express the detection and identification of drugs, new methods are needed that must meet numerous requirements, not the least of which are selectivity, speed, the absence of false-negative results, and cost-effectiveness. The possibility of identifying anesthetics (sevoflurane) in lacrimal fluid has been studied using a new electrochemical method of multisensory inversion voltammetry in the electronic tongue and electronic nose format. The measurements were performed on a planar electrode, which is a three-electrode structure. The solution of the test system consisted of 0.05 M KCl, which contained the metal cations Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Co²⁺, and Hg²⁺ at a concentration of 5 × 10^-5 M. It is shown that this method is effective for the determination of anesthetics, and the dynamics of changes in their concentration over time are examined. This study aimed to research the behavioral pharmacokinetics in the lacrimal fluid of the opioid drug sevoflurane in pediatric ophthalmology using multisensory stripping voltammetry in patients during strabismus correction surgery. The dynamics of changes in their concentrations over time were examined. After the instillation of the anesthetics in patients, their concentrations in the tear fluid remained unchanged within 10 min. The list of organic substances that can be determined by multisensory stripping voltammetry has been extended. The class of organic substances determined by the method of multisensory inversion voltammetry has been expanded.

Figure 1

Planar electrode system.

Figure 2

Stripping voltammograms of the test system in the presence of sevoflurane at different concentrations (%): (1)—0 (background), (2)—0.125 × 10^–3, (3)—0.25 × 10^–3, (4)—0.375 × 10^–3, and (5)—0.5 × 10^–3 (on the electrode).

Figure 3

Stripping voltammograms of the test system when exposed to sevoflurani at various concentrations (%): (1)—0 (background), (2)—10%.

Figure 4

Stripping voltammograms demonstrating the effect of the lacrimal fluid on the test system: (1) test system; (2) lacrimal fluid 10 min after sevoflurani administration.