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Review
. 2023 Dec;20(6):487-501.
doi: 10.1007/s11904-023-00679-5. Epub 2023 Nov 6.

Paradata: Measuring Engagement in Digital HIV Interventions for Sexual and Gender Minorities

Seul Ki Choi  1 , Kathryn E Muessig  2 , Lisa B Hightow-Weidman  2 , José A Bauermeister  3
Affiliations
Review

Paradata: Measuring Engagement in Digital HIV Interventions for Sexual and Gender Minorities

Seul Ki Choi et al. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The goal of this review was to examine online engagement using paradata (i.e., intervention usage metrics) as part of the reporting of online behavioral HIV prevention and care interventions' findings. We underscore the importance of these data in examining intervention engagement and effectiveness.

Recent findings: We focused on studies indexed in PubMed and published between April 1, 2017, and June 30, 2023, that reported the development and testing of online behavioral interventions for HIV prevention and/or care. Of the 689 extracted citations, 19 met the study criteria and provided engagement data - only six studies tested the association between engagement and intervention outcomes. Of these, four studies found a positive association between participants' engagement and improvements in HIV-related outcomes. Increasing attention is being paid to the collection and reporting of paradata within HIV online behavioral interventions. While the current evidence suggests a dose-response relationship due to user engagement on HIV outcomes, greater efforts to systematically collect, report, and analyze paradata are warranted.

Keywords: Digital interventions; HIV; Online; Prevention and care; mHealth.

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: •• Of major importance
    1. Muessig KE, Nekkanti M, Bauermeister J, Bull S, Hightow-Weidman LB. A systematic review of recent smartphone, Internet and Web 2.0 interventions to address the HIV continuum of care. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015;12:173–90. - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Hightow-Weidman LB, Muessig KE, Bauermeister J, Zhang C, LeGrand S. Youth, technology, and HIV: recent advances and future directions. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015;12:500–15. - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Hightow-Weidman L, Bauermeister JA. Engagement in mHealth behavioral interventions for HIV prevention and care: making sense of the metrics. mHealth. 2020;6:7. - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Bauermeister JA, Golinkoff JM, Muessig KE, Horvath KJ, Hightow-Weidman LB. Addressing engagement in technology-based behavioural HIV interventions through paradata metrics. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2017;12:442–6. - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Couper MP, Alexander GL, Maddy N, et al. Engagement and retention: measuring breadth and depth of participant use of an online intervention. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12:e1430. - DOI

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