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. 2023 Dec;13(12):e3295.
doi: 10.1002/brb3.3295. Epub 2023 Nov 8.

Staging Parkinson's disease according to the MNCD classification correlates with caregiver burden

Diego Santos-García  1 , Teresa de Deus Fonticoba  2 , Carlos Cores Bartolomé  1 , María J Feal Painceiras  1 , Iago García Díaz  1 , María Cristina Íñiguez Alvarado  1 , Jose Manuel Paz  1 , Silvia Jesús  3   4 , Marina Cosgaya  5 , Juan García Caldentey  6 , Nuria Caballol  7 , Ines Legarda  8 , Jorge Hernández Vara  4   9 , Iria Cabo  10 , Lydia López Manzanares  11 , Isabel González Aramburu  4   12 , Maria A Ávila Rivera  13 , Víctor Gómez Mayordomo  14 , Víctor Nogueira  15 , Julio Dotor García-Soto  16 , Carmen Borrué  17 , Berta Solano Vila  18 , María Álvarez Sauco  19 , Lydia Vela  20 , Sonia Escalante  21 , Esther Cubo  22 , Zebenzui Mendoza  23 , Juan C Martínez Castrillo  24 , Pilar Sánchez Alonso  25 , Maria G Alonso Losada  26 , Nuria López Ariztegui  27 , Itziar Gastón  28 , Jaime Kulisevsky  4   29 , Manuel Seijo  10 , Caridad Valero  30 , Ruben Alonso Redondo  15 , Maria Teresa Buongiorno  31 , Carlos Ordás  32 , Manuel Menéndez-González  33 , Darrian McAfee  34 , Pablo Martinez-Martin  4 , Pablo Mir  3   4 ; COPPADIS Study Group
Affiliations

Staging Parkinson's disease according to the MNCD classification correlates with caregiver burden

Diego Santos-García et al. Brain Behav. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Background and objective: Recently, we demonstrated that staging Parkinson's disease (PD) with a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on four axes (motor, non-motor, cognition, and dependency) and five stages, correlated with disease severity and patients' quality of life. Here, we analyzed the correlation of MNCD staging with PD caregiver's status.

Patients and methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients and their principal caregiver recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD total score (from 0 to 12) and MNCD stages (from 1 to 5) in this cross-sectional analysis. Caregivers completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI), Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), PQ-10, and EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8).

Results: Two hundred and twenty-four PD patients (63 ± 9.6 years old; 61.2% males) and their caregivers (58.5 ± 12.1 years old; 67.9% females) were included. The frequency of MNCD stages was 1, 7.6%; 2, 58.9%; 3, 31.3%; and 4-5, 2.2%. A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the ZCBI (p < .0001) and CSI (p < .0001), and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p = .001), but no significant differences were observed in the BDI-II (p = .310) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p = .133). Moderate correlations were observed between the MNCD total score and the ZCBI (r = .496; p < .0001), CSI (r = .433; p < .0001), and BDI-II (r = .306; p < .0001) in caregivers.

Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification is correlated with caregivers' strain and burden.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease; burden; caregiver; non-motor symptoms; stage.

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Conflict of interest statement

Diego Santos‐García has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, Italfarmaco, Teva, Archímedes, Esteve, Stada, Merz, and grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co‐founded by ISCIII (Concesión de subvenciones de Proyectos de Investigación en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la Acción Estratégica en Salud 2017–2020 por el proyecto “PROGRESIÓN NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON”).

Teresa de Deus Fonticoba: None.

Carlos Cores Bartolomé has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Lundbeck and UCB Pharma.

María J. Feal Painceiras: None.

Iago García Díaz has received support for educational activity from Bial.

María Cristina Íñiguez Alvarado: None.

Jose Manuel Paz has received honoraria/support for educational presentations and attending meetings from UCB, Abbvie, Zambon, Bial and KRKA.

Silvia Jesús has received honoraria from AbbVie, Bial, Merz, UCB, and Zambon and holds the competitive contract “Juan Rodés” supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. She has received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PI18/01898) and the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI‐0459‐2018).

Marina Cosgaya: None.

Juan García Caldentey has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Qualigen, Nutricia, Abbvie, Italfarmaco, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, Zambon, Bial, and Teva.

Nuria Caballol has received honoraria from Bial, Italfármaco, Qualigen, Zambon, UCB, Teva and KRKA and sponsorship from Zambon, TEVA and Abbvie for attending medical conferences.

Ines Legarda has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by

Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Bial, and Teva.

Jorge Hernández Vara has received travel bursaries and educational grants from Abbvie and has received honoraria for educational presentations from Abbvie, Teva, Bial, Zambon, Italfarmaco, and Sanofi‐Genzyme.

Iria Cabo: has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Zambon, and Bial.

Lydia López Manzanares compensated advisory services, consulting, research grant support, or speaker honoraria: AbbVie, Acorda, Bial, Intec Pharma, Italfarmaco, Pfizer, Roche, Teva, UCB, and Zambon.

Isabel González Aramburu: None.

Maria A. Ávila Rivera has received honoraria from Zambon, UCB Pharma, Qualigen, Bial, and Teva, and sponsorship from Zambon and Teva for attending conferences.

Víctor Gómez Mayordomo has received honoraria from Bial, Merz and Zambon for educational lectures.

Víctor Nogueira: None.

Julio Dotor García‐Soto compensated advisory services, consulting, research grant support, or speaker honoraria: Merck, Sanofi‐Genzyme, Allergan, Biogen, Roche, UCB and Novartis.

Carmen Borrué: None.

Berta Solano Vila has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by UCB, Zambon, Teva, Abbvie, Bial.

María Álvarez Sauco has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Bial, and Teva.

Lydia Vela has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, and Teva.

Sonia Escalante has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Zambon, and Bial.

Esther Cubo: Travel grants: Abbvie, Allergan, Boston; Lecturing honoraria: Abbvie, International Parkinson's disease Movement Disorder Society.

Zebenzui Mendoza: None.

Juan C. Martínez Castrillo has received research support from Lundbeck, Italfarmaco, Allergan, Zambon, Merz, and Abbvie. He has received speaking honoraria from AbbVie, Bial, Italfarmaco, Lundbeck, Krka, TEVA, UCB, Zambon, Allergan, Ipsen, and Merz.

Pilar Sánchez Alonso has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, and Teva.

Maria G. Alonso Losada has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Zambon and Bial.

Nuria López Ariztegui has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Italfarmaco, Zambon, and Bial.

Itziar Gastón has received research support from Abbvie and Zambon and has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Exelts, and Zambon.

Jaime Kulisevsky: (1) Consulting fees: Roche, Zambon; (2) Stock / allotment: No; (3) Patent royalties / licensing fees: No; (4) Honoraria (e.g. lecture fees): Zambon, Teva, Bial, UCB; (5) Fees for promotional materials: No; (6) Research funding: Roche, Zambon, Ciberned; Instituto de SaludCarlos III; FundacióLa Maratóde TV3; (7) Scholarship from corporation: No; (8) Corporate laboratory funding: No; (9) Others (e.g. trips, travel, or gifts): No.

Manuel Seijo has received honoraria for educational services from KRKA, UCB, Zambon, Bial; travel grants from Daiichi and Roche.

Caridad Valero has received honoraria for educational services from Zambon, Abbvie and UCB.

Kurtis M. has received honoraria from Bial, the Spanish Neurology Society, and the International and Movement Disorders Society.

Ruben Alonso Redondo: None.

Maria Teresa Buongiorno: None.

Carlos Ordás: None.

Manuel Menéndez‐González has received consulting honoraria from Eisai Spain and research grants from by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and Fundación Alimerka.

Darrian McAfee: None.

Pablo Martinez‐Martin has received honoraria from Bial for lecturing in course and from the Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) for management of the COA International Program of the Society.

Pablo Mir has received honoraria from AbbVie, Abbott, Allergan, Bial, Merz, UCB, and Zambon and have received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [ PI16/01575] co‐founded by ISCIII (Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación) and by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía [CVI‐02526, CTS‐7685], the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía [ PI‐0437‐2012, PI‐0471‐2013], the Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, the Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, the Fundación Mutua Madrileña.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(a) Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI) total score (on the left) and frequency of caregivers with different burden degree (on the right) regarding to the motor, non‐motor, cognition, and dependency (MNCD) stage, from stage 0 to stages 4–5. (b) Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) total score (on the left) and frequency of caregivers with high level (CSI > 6) versus no high level of stress (on the left) regarding to the MNCD stage, from stage 0 to stages 4–5.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(a) EUROHIS‐QOL 8‐item index (EUROHIS‐QOL8) total score (on the left) and mean value of each domain of the scale (on the right) regarding to the motor, non‐motor, cognition, and dependency (MNCD) stage, from stage 0 to stages 4–5. (b) PQ‐10 score regarding to the MNCD stage, from stage 0 to stages 4–5. (c) Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II) total score regarding to the MNCD stage, from stage 0 to stages 4–5.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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