Thermal analysis of micropolar hybrid nanofluid inspired by 3D stretchable surface in porous media

Abstract

Applications: the study of highly advanced hybrid nanofluids has aroused the interest of academics and engineers, particularly those working in the fields of chemical and applied thermal engineering. The improved properties of hybrid nanoliquids are superior to those of earlier classes of nanofluids (which are simply referred to as nanofluids). Therefore, it is essential to report on the process of analyzing nanofluids by passing them through elastic surfaces, as this is a typical practice in engineering and industrial applications. Purpose and methodology: the investigation of hybrid nanoliquids was the sole focus of this research, which was conducted using a stretched sheet. Using supporting correlations, an estimate was made of the improved thermal conductivity, density, heat capacitance, and viscosity. In addition, the distinctiveness of the model was increased by the incorporation of a variety of distinct physical limitations, such as thermal slip, radiation, micropolarity, uniform surface convection, and stretching effects. After that, a numerical analysis of the model was performed, and the physical results are presented. Core findings: the results of the model showed that it is possible to attain the desired momentum of hybrid nanofluids by keeping the fluidic system at a uniform suction, and that this momentum may be enhanced by increasing the force of the injecting fluid via a stretched sheet. Surface convection, thermal radiation, and high dissipative energy are all great physical instruments that can be used to acquire heat in hybrid nanofluids. This heat acquisition is significant from both an applied thermal engineering perspective and a chemical engineering perspective. The features of simple nano and common hybrid nanoliquids have been compared and the results indicate that hybrid nanofluids exhibit dominant behavior when measured against the percentage concentration of nanoparticles, which enables them to be used in large-scale practical applications.

Fig. 1. Geometry of the problem.

Fig. 2. Change in velocity profile by varying ε.

Fig. 3. Change in velocity profile by varying ε.

Fig. 4. Change in velocity profile by varying k_p.

Fig. 5. Change in velocity profile by varying k_p.

Fig. 6. Change in velocity profile by varying ϕ₂.

Fig. 7. Change in velocity profile by varying ϕ₂.

Fig. 8. Change in velocity profile by varying R₁.

Fig. 9. Change in velocity profile by varying R₁.

Fig. 10. Change in microrotation profile by varying ε.

Fig. 11. Change in microrotation profile by varying ε.

Fig. 12. Change in microrotation profile by varying k_p.

Fig. 13. Change in microrotation profile by varying k_p.

Fig. 14. Change in microrotation profile by varying ϕ₂.

Fig. 15. Change in microrotation profile by varying ϕ₂.

Fig. 16. Change in microrotation profile by varying R₁.

Fig. 17. Change in microrotation profile by varying R₁.

Fig. 18. Change in microrotation profile by varying R₂.

Fig. 19. Change in microrotation profile by varying R₂.

Fig. 20. Change in microrotation profile by varying R₃.

Fig. 21. Change in microrotation profile by varying R₃.

Fig. 22. Change in temperature profile by varying R₁.

Fig. 23. Change in temperature profile by varying B.

Fig. 24. Change in temperature profile by varying ϕ₂.

Fig. 25. Change in temperature profile by varying ε.

Fig. 26. Change in temperature profile by varying k_p.

Fig. 27. The variation in skin friction for varying ϕ₂ and R₃.

Fig. 28. The variation in skin friction for varying ϕ₂ and ε.

Fig. 29. The variation in Nusselt number for varying ϕ₂ and R₃.

Fig. 30. The variation in Nusselt number for varying ϕ₂ and ε.