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. 2023 Nov 9;18(11):e0292602.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292602. eCollection 2023.

Impact of manures and fertilizers on yield and soil properties in a rice-wheat cropping system

Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal  1 , Vivek Sharma  1 , Vibha Verma  2 , Manmeet Kaur  2 , Prabhjot Singh  1 , Ahmed Gaber  3 , Alison M Laing  4 , Akbar Hossain  5
Affiliations

Impact of manures and fertilizers on yield and soil properties in a rice-wheat cropping system

Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The use of chemical fertilizers under a rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) has led to the emergence of micronutrient deficiency and decreased crop productivity. Thus, the experiment was conducted with the aim that the use of organic amendments would sustain productivity and improve the soil nutrient status under RWCS. A three-year experiment was conducted with different organic manures i.e. no manure (M0), farmyard manure @ 15 t ha-1 (M1), poultry manure @ 6 t ha-1(M2), press mud @ 15 t ha-1(M3), rice straw compost @ 6 t ha-1(M4) along with different levels of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) i.e. 0% (F1), 75% (F2 and 100% (F3 in a split-plot design with three replications and plot size of 6 m x 1.2 m. Laboratory-based analysis of different soil as well as plant parameters was done using standard methodologies. The use of manures considerably improved the crop yield, macronutrients viz. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients such as zinc, iron, manganese and copper, uptake in both the crops because of nutrient release from decomposed organic matter. Additionally, the increase in fertilizer dose increased these parameters. The system productivity was maximum recorded under F3M1 (13,052 kg ha-1) and results were statistically identical with F3M2 and F3M3. The significant upsurge of macro and micro-nutrients in soil and its correlation with yield outcomes was also observed through the combined use of manures as well as fertilizers. This study concluded that the use of 100% RDF integrated with organic manures, particularly farmyard manure would be a beneficial resource for increased crop yield, soil nutrient status and system productivity in RWCS in different regions of India.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Effect of manures and fertilizers on N, P and K uptake by rice grain and straw.
M0: no manure; M1: farmyard manure; M2: poultry manure; M3: press mud; M4: rice straw compost; F1: no fertilizer; F2: 75% recommended dose of fertilizers; F3:100% recommended dose of fertilizers.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Effect of manures and fertilizers on micronutrient uptake by (a) rice grain and (b) straw.
M0: no manure; M1: farmyard manure; M2: poultry manure; M3: press mud; M4: rice straw compost; F1: no fertilizer; F2: 75% recommended dose of fertilizers; F3:100% recommended dose of fertilizers.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Effect of manures and fertilizers on N, P and K uptake by wheat grain and straw.
M0: no manure; M1: farmyard manure; M2: poultry manure; M3: press mud; M4: rice straw compost; F1: no fertilizer; F2: 75% recommended dose of fertilizers; F3:100% recommended dose of fertilizers.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Effect of manures and fertilizers on micronutrient uptake by wheat (a) grain and (b) straw.
M0: no manure; M1: farmyard manure; M2: poultry manure; M3: press mud; M4: rice straw compost; F1: no fertilizer; F2: 75% recommended dose of fertilizers; F3:100% recommended dose of fertilizers.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Correlation between yield, soil properties and nutrient content: (a) shows the significant positive correlation between rice yield and soil properties; (b) shows the significant positive correlation between wheat yield and soil properties; and (c) shows the correlation between system productivity and soil properties.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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