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. 2023 Dec;16(12):2058-2065.
doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.009. Epub 2023 Oct 13.

Prevalence and factors associated with tuberculosis infection in India

Sriram Selvaraju  1 , Banurekha Velayutham  2 , Raghuram Rao  3 , Kiran Rade  4 , Kannan Thiruvengadam  1 , Smita Asthana  5 , Rakesh Balachandar  6 , Sampada Dipak Bangar  7 , Avi Kumar Bansal  8 , Jyothi Bhat  9 , Vishal Chopra  10 , Dasarathi Das  11 , Shantha Dutta  12 , Kangjam Rekha Devi  13 , Gaurav Raj Dwivedi  14 , Arshad Kalliath  15 , Avula Laxmaiah  16 , Major Madhukar  17 , Amarendra Mahapatra  11 , Suman Sundar Mohanty  18 , Chethana Rangaraju  19 , Jyotirmayee Turuk  11 , Pradeep Aravindan Menon  1 , Rajendran Krishnan  1 , Manjula Singh  20 , Krithikaa Sekar  1 , Aby Robinson  1 , Alka Turuk  20 , Nivethitha N Krishnan  1 , Nivetha Srinivasan  1 , Catherine Rexy  1 , M Suresh  1 , Luke Elizabeth Hanna  1 , Avijit H Choudhury  4 , Malik Parmar  4 , Ranjani Ramachandran  4 , Nishant Kumar  3 , Rajendra Panduranga Joshi  3 , Somashekar Narasimhaiah  19 , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran  1 , A M Khan  21 , Samiran Panda  20 , Balram Bhargava  20 ; National TB Prevalence Survey Group
Affiliations

Prevalence and factors associated with tuberculosis infection in India

Sriram Selvaraju et al. J Infect Public Health. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Background: The risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease is higher in individuals with TB infection. In a TB endemic country like India, it is essential to understand the current burden of TB infection at the population level. The objective of the present analysis is to estimate the prevalence of TB infection in India and to explore the factors associated with TB infection.

Methods: Individuals aged > 15 years in the recently completed National TB prevalence survey in India who were tested for TB infection by QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay were considered for this sub-analysis. TB infection was defined as positive by QFT-Plus (value >0.35 IU/ml). The estimates for prevalence, prevalence ratio (PR) and adjusted risk ratio (aRR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results: Of the 16864 individuals analysed, the prevalence of TB infection was 22.6% (95% CI:19.4 -25.8). Factors more likely to be associated with TB infection include age > 30 years (aRR:1.49;95% CI:1.29-1.73), being male (aRR:1.26; 95%CI: 1.18-1.34), residing in urban location (aRR:1.58; 95%CI: 1.03-2.43) and past history of TB (aRR:1.49; 95%CI: 1.26-1.76).

Conclusion: About one fourth (22.6%) of the individuals were infected with TB in India. Individuals aged > 30 years, males, residing in urban location, and those with past history of TB were more likely to have TB infection. Targeted interventions for prevention of TB and close monitoring are essential to reduce the burden of TB in India.

Keywords: IGRA; LTBI; Prevalence; QFT-Plus; TB infection; Tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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