Monogenic Etiology of Hypertension

Abstract

Monogenic hypertension encompasses a group of conditions wherein single gene mutations result in increased renal sodium reabsorption manifesting as low renin hypertension. As these diseases are rare, their contribution to hypertension in children and adolescents is often overlooked. Precise diagnosis is essential in those who have not been found to have more common identifiable causes of hypertension in adolescents, since treatment strategies for these rare conditions are specific and different from antihypertensive regimens for the other more common causes of hypertension in this age group. The objective of this review is to provide insight to the rare, monogenic forms of hypertension.

Keywords: Adolescent; Aldosterone; Apparent mineralocorticoid excess; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Gordon syndrome; Liddle syndrome; Monogenic hypertension; Renin.