Expanding access to safe abortion in DRC: charting the path from decriminalisation to accessible care
- PMID: 37955526
- PMCID: PMC10653615
- DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2273893
Expanding access to safe abortion in DRC: charting the path from decriminalisation to accessible care
Abstract
Access to safe and comprehensive abortion care has the potential to save thousands of lives and prevent significant injury in a vast and populous country such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the signing of the Maputo Protocol in 2003 strengthened the case for accessible abortion care across the African continent, the DRC has grappled with de jure ambiguity resulting in de facto confusion about women's ability to access safe, legal abortion care for the past two decades. Conflicting laws and the legacy of the colonial penal code created ambiguity and uncertainty that has just recently been resolved through medical and legal advocacy oriented towards facilitating an enabling policy environment that supports reproductive healthcare. A study of the complex - and frequently contradictory - pathway from criminalised abortion to legalisation that DRC has taken from ratification of the protocol in 2008 to passage of the 2018 Public Health Law and subsequent Ministry of Health guidelines for abortion care, is an instructive case study for the international sexual health and reproductive rights community. Through this analysis, health and legal advocates can better understand the interdependence of law and public health and how a comprehensive approach to advocacy that includes legal, systems, and clinical accessibility can transform a country's system of care and the protection of women's rights. In DRC, new legislation and service delivery guidelines demonstrate a path forward towards concrete improvements for safe abortion care.
L’accès à des soins d’avortement sûrs et complets a le potentiel de sauver des milliers de vies et d’éviter de graves lésions dans un pays vaste et peuplé comme la République démocratique du Congo (RDC). Si la signature du Protocole de Maputo en 2003 a renforcé les arguments en faveur de soins d’avortement accessibles dans l’ensemble du continent africain, ces vingt dernières années, la RDC s’est trouvée aux prises avec une ambiguïté de droit, entraînant une confusion de fait quant à la capacité des femmes d’accéder à des soins d’avortement sûrs et légaux. Des lois contradictoires et l’héritage du code pénal colonial ont créé une ambiguïté et une incertitude qui ont été récemment résolues grâce à un plaidoyer médical et juridique visant à faciliter la création d’un environnement politique favorable aux soins de santé reproductive. Une étude du chemin complexe, et souvent contradictoire, parcouru par la RDC depuis la criminalisation de l’avortement jusqu’à sa légalisation, depuis la ratification du Protocole en 2008 jusqu’à l’adoption de la loi sur la santé publique de 2018 et la publication ultérieure des directives du Ministère de la santé en matière de soins liés à l’avortement, est une étude de cas instructive pour la communauté internationale de la santé sexuelle et des droits reproductifs. Avec cette analyse, les défenseurs de la santé et du droit peuvent mieux comprendre l’interdépendance du droit et de la santé publique, et comment une approche globale du plaidoyer incluant le volet juridique, les systèmes et l’accessibilité clinique peut transformer le système de soins d’un pays et les protections des droits des femmes. En RDC, une nouvelle législation et des directives sur la prestation des services montrent la voie à suivre vers des améliorations concrètes en matière de soins d’avortement sûrs.
El acceso a servicios seguros de atención integral al aborto tiene el potencial de salvar miles de vidas y evitar lesiones significativas en un país vasto y poblado como la República Democrática del Congo (RDC). Aunque la ratificación del Protocolo de Maputo en 2003 reforzó los argumentos a favor de la accesibilidad de servicios de aborto en todo el continente africano, en las últimas dos décadas, la RDC ha lidiado con la ambigüedad de jure, lo cual ha generado confusión de facto sobre la capacidad de las mujeres para acceder a servicios de aborto seguro y legal. Leyes conflictivas y el legado del código penal colonial crearon ambigüedad e incertidumbre, que se resolvieron recientemente mediante incidencia política médica y legislativa orientada a facilitar un entorno político favorecedor que apoye los servicios de salud reproductiva. Un estudio de la compleja, y a menudo contradictoria, trayectoria de la RDC desde la penalización hasta la legalización del aborto, desde la ratificación del protocolo en 2008 hasta la aprobación de la Ley de Salud Pública en 2018 y directrices posteriores del Ministerio de Salud para los servicios de aborto, es un estudio de caso instructivo para la comunidad internacional de salud sexual y derechos reproductivos. Mediante este análisis, promotores sanitarios y legislativos pueden entender mejor la interdependencia de la ley y la salud pública, y cómo un enfoque integral de incidencia política que abarca accesibilidad legislativa, sistémica y clínica, puede transformar el sistema de salud de un país y las protecciones de los derechos de las mujeres. En RDC, la nueva legislación y directrices de prestación de servicios demuestran el camino hacia adelante para lograr mejoras concretas en los servicios de aborto seguro.
Keywords: Democratic Republic of the Congo; Maputo Protocol; abortion; family planning; legalisation.
Conflict of interest statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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