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1 Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. brighthuo@dal.ca.
2 USC Institute of Urology and Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
3 AI Center at USC Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
4 Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
5 UK EQUATOR Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
6 Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
7 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
8 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
9 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
1 Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. brighthuo@dal.ca.
2 USC Institute of Urology and Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
3 AI Center at USC Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
4 Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
5 UK EQUATOR Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
6 Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
7 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
8 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
9 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.