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. 2023 Nov 13;24(1):337.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-023-03384-y.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Netherlands and its cardiovascular and renal complications

Marc G Vervloet  1 , Hilda Ji de Jong  2 , Jan Pander  3 , Jetty A Overbeek  2
Affiliations

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Netherlands and its cardiovascular and renal complications

Marc G Vervloet et al. BMC Nephrol. .

Abstract

Background: Knowledge on prevalence, comorbidities and consequences of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is mandatory to estimate the potential of cardiovascular risk management on a population level. We studied the prevalence of CKD with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and/or heart failure and its cardiorenal complications in The Netherlands.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study was performed, using data from the Dutch PHARMO Data Network. Prevalence of CKD at a single time point was determined by a recorded diagnosis or by ≥ 2 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) that define CKD. A representative group of adults with CKD was included in a longitudinal analysis to study cardiorenal complications. Those were followed until first complication, end of study or death, whichever occurred first.

Results: The prevalence of CKD was 8.9% in a representative population of 2,187,962 adult Dutch individuals. The average age of persons with CKD was 72 years, 57% were female, 19.9% had T2D, 7.7% heart failure, and 3.0% both T2D and heart failure. In the longitudinal analysis, cerebrovascular events (11/1,000 person-years), hospitalizations for heart failure (10/1,000 person-years), myocardial infarction (5.5/1,000 person-years), and hospitalization for CKD (6.2/1,000 person-years) were the most common first cardiorenal complications. People with CKD with T2D and/or heart failure generally had higher rates of cardiovascular or renal complications or mortality than people with CKD without these comorbidities.

Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD in The Netherlands is 8.9%. People with T2D or heart failure, or both, in addition to CKD, had numerically higher mortality and cardiorenal complication rates than people without these comorbidities. Optimizing up-to-date cardiovascular risk management in these high-risk individuals may provide health benefits.

Keywords: Cardiorenal Complications; Chronic Kidney Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Heart Failure; Prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

JP is employee of AstraZeneca; HJ and JO are employees of the PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research. This independent research institute performs financially supported studies for government and related health care authorities and several pharmaceutical companies. MV does not have any competing interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study flowchart for people in the longitudinal analysis
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Complications of people with CKD over 2 years of follow-up. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CV, cardiovascular; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; Hosp, hospitalization; IR, incidence rate; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes. *based on a proxy of cardiovascular and renal diagnoses, respectively, in case of death during hospitalization
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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