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. 2023 Oct 25;16(21):6858.
doi: 10.3390/ma16216858.

The Effect of Viscous Drag on the Maximum Residual Stresses Achievable in High-Yield-Strength Materials in Laser Shock Processing

Ignacio Angulo  1 , Wsewolod Warzanskyj  1 , Francisco Cordovilla  1 , Marcos Díaz  1 , Juan Antonio Porro  1 , Ángel García-Beltrán  1 , José Luis Ocaña  1
Affiliations

The Effect of Viscous Drag on the Maximum Residual Stresses Achievable in High-Yield-Strength Materials in Laser Shock Processing

Ignacio Angulo et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

In this paper, the experimentally observed significant increase in yield stress for strain rates beyond 104 s-1 (viscous regime) is explicitly considered in laser shock processing (LSP) simulations. First, a detailed review of the most common high-strain-rate deformation models is presented, highlighting the expected strain rates in materials subject to LSP for a wide range of treatment conditions. Second, the abrupt yield stress increase presented beyond 104 s-1 is explicitly considered in the material model of a titanium alloy subject to LSP. A combined numerical-analytical approach is used to predict the time evolution of the plastic strain. Finally, extended areas are irradiated covering a squared area of 25 × 25 mm2 for numerical-experimental validation. The in-depth experimental residual stress profiles are obtained by means of the hole drilling method. Near-surface-temperature gradients are explicitly considered in simulations. In summary, the conventionally accepted strain rate range in LSP (106-107 s-1) is challenged in this paper. Results show that the conventional high-strain-rate hardening models widely used in LSP simulations (i.e., Johnson Cook model) clearly overestimate the induced compressive residual stresses. Additionally, pressure decay, whose importance is usually neglected, has been found to play a significant role in the total plastic strain achieved by LSP treatments.

Keywords: high strain rates; laser shock processing; plastic deformation model; residual stresses; shock loading.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Schematic representation of the treatment strategy. (b) Experimental result after irradiation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Time evolution of the heat flux and pressure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) FEM results predicted using conventional model. (b) FEM results predicted with explicit consideration of viscous drag.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Time shockwave evolution for representative depths computed by conventional model. (b) Results with explicit consideration of viscous drag.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) In-depth maximum plastic strain rate. (b) In-depth axial plastic strain.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Time–temperature evolution for non-evaporated elements.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Experimental vs. simulated in-depth residual stress profile predicted by conventional modeling. (b) Experimental vs. simulated in-depth residual stress profile with explicit consideration of viscous drag phenomenon.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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